Burgundian language
| Burgundian | ||
|---|---|---|
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Spoken in |
present-day Germany, Burgundy, Italy | |
| speaker | extinct | |
| Linguistic classification |
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| Official status | ||
| Official language in | extinct | |
The Burgundian language is a ruined language that partly has East Germanic features, but also differs from the East Germanic languages.
history
The gene of the Burgundians was first as Burgundiones in Pliny the Elder mentioned. This name was adopted by Ptolemy and since the 4th century the name Burgundii has been used in numerous variations with phonetic changes.
The meaning of the folk name is not completely clear, but could be derived from the Germanic * burgundy , which means "high".
Around the 1st century AD, settlements on the lower reaches of the Oder and Vistula can be identified, where the Burgundii lived in the vicinity of the Goths and Vandals. The languages of these two gentes are classified as East Germanic . In the 2nd and 3rd centuries a migration to the southwest is assumed, where the Burgundians were expelled from the province of Raetia by the Roman emperor Probus in 278 AD . In the 4th century they first settled on the upper Main in the neighborhood of the Alamanni , another Germanic tribe. 411-413 they supported Emperor Jovinus , who gave them the province of Germania in gratitude . In the first half of the 5th century, the foundation of the Burgundy Empire on the Middle Rhine is set. After various raids by the Burgundians under the leadership of their King Gundahar (see Nibelungenlied ), the Roman army master Flavius made a pact with the Huns (around 435/36), wiped out the entire Burgundian ruling family (again see Nibelungenlied) and killed more than 20,000 more Burgundies. The remaining Burgundians were relocated to Sapaudia ( Savoy ) in 443 . The kings Gundowech and Gundobad continued to rule the Burgundy Empire until it was conquered by the Franks in 534.
Lore
The tradition of Burgundian is mainly based on inscriptions . Some names from graves dating from 443 to 700 are documented. A runic testimony on a bow brooch provides the word uþfnþai (3rd person, optative present tense). Inscriptions have also been handed down on belt buckles and Daniel buckles. Legal words like wittimon (= wedding) are recorded in the Lex Burgundia . The names of the Burgundian kings appear in monograms and abbreviations on coins.
literature
- Klaus Eckerle, Burgundy and Huns , in: "Us is in old mars ..." - The Nibelungenlied and his world , ed. from the Badische Landesbibliothek Karlsruhe, Darmstadt 2003. ISBN 3-923132-95-6
- Wilhelm Wackernagel, Language and Linguistic Monuments of the Burgundy , in: Kleine Schriften , 1874.
Individual evidence
- ^ WB Lockwood, "A Panorama of Indo-European Languages"