Cécile Tormay

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Cécile Tormay (born October 8, 1876 in Budapest , Austria-Hungary ; died April 2, 1937 in Mátraháza ) was a Hungarian writer and women's functionary.

Life

Cécile Tormay comes from a German immigrant family whose names were Magyarized . Her father's family was ennobled in the late 19th century. Her father Béla Tormay Krenmüller (1839-1906) was a veterinarian, agronomist and corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences . Cécile Tormay received training from private tutors and learned German, Italian, French, Latin and Hungarian languages ​​and literature. She translated Franz von Assisis Fioretti into Hungarian and wrote fiction, which also came out in translations.

In 1919 she spoke out against the Hungarian Soviet Republic in public . After the Kingdom of Hungary was re-established under Miklos Horthy , she settled accounts with the defeated republic in her diary-like novel Bujdosó Koenyv , the anti-communist and anti-Semitic book was also translated into English and French. In 1923 Tormay became the editor of the cultural magazine Napkelet (east), a dissenting vote for the liberal literary magazine Nyugat (west) founded in 1908 .

Napkelet (1923)

In 1919 Tormay became president of the Christian Women's Association of Hungary (Magyar Asszonyok Nemzeti Szövetsége, MANSz), which in 1930 had a million members and hundreds of local associations. In the 1920s she campaigned for the reintroduction of women's studies .

Tormay agitated for the anti-Jewish numerus clausus , which was introduced in Hungary in 1920. Tormay wrote anti-Semitic pamphlets and accused the Hungarian Jews of corrupting the blood of the Hungarian race. Tormay was a public admirer of the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini . At the tenth anniversary of the March on Rome in 1932, she was the Duce's guest and gave her eulogy in Italian. Among their friends and supporters were the Minister of Education in the 1920s Kunó von Klebelsberg , his successor Bálint Hóman , the Prime Minister Gyula Gömbös and the Jesuit and radical anti-Semite Béla Bangha and also the Reich Administrator Horthy. Among her friends were Emma Ritoók and Edina Pallavicini, an unnamed countess with whom she lived in Mátraháza and who later managed her literary estate.

Tormay wrote two novels Menschen unter Steinen , 1911 and The Old House , 1914, for which she received the Péczely Prize, and five short stories. Your unfinished medieval novel trilogy Az ősi küldött was published posthumously by Miklós Bánffy .

Tormay was honored with the 1995 donated Magyar Örökség díj .

Works (selection)

  • Apródszerelem . 1900
  • Apró bűnök . 1905
  • Emberek a kövek között . 1911
    • People under stones: Roman . Translation of Heinrich Horvat. Berlin: S. Fischer, 1912
  • A régi ház . 1914
    • The old house: Roman . Translation of Heinrich Horvat. Berlin: S. Fischer, 1917
  • Viaszfigurák . 1918
  • Álmok . 1920
  • Bujdosó Könyv . 1920, 1921
  • Megállt az óra . 1924
  • Az ősi küldött . 1933 to 1937

literature

  • Gwenyth Jones: Cécile Tormay: A Gentlewoman in the Graveyard of the Hunchbacks . In: Rebecca Haynes, Martyn Rady (Eds.): In the Shadow of Hitler: Personalities of the Right in Central and Eastern Europe . London: IB Tauris, 2011, pp. 105-120 ISBN 978-1-8451-1697-2 .
  • Janos Hankiss: Tormay Cécile . Budapest: Studium, 1928 (biography, several new editions up to 1939, new edition with bibliography in 2009, ISBN 978-963-662-244-2 ).
  • Antal Szerb : Tormay Cécile , obituary, in: Nyugat , Heft 5, 1937.
  • Claudia Papp: The Power of the Female Soul: Feminism in Hungary, 1918-1941 . Münster: Lit, 2004 ISBN 978-3-8258-7472-8 Zugl .: Freiburg (Breisgau), Univ., Diss., 2002.
  • Maria M. Kovács: Hungary , in: Kevin Passmore (Ed.): Women, gender and fascism in Europe, 1919–45 . Manchester: Manchester Univ. Press, 2013 ISBN 978-0-7190-6617-7 pp. 79-90.

Web links

Commons : Cécile Tormay  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Biographical information based on Gwenyth Jones: Cécile Tormay , 2011
personal data
SURNAME Tormay, Cecile
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian writer and women's functionary
DATE OF BIRTH October 8, 1876
PLACE OF BIRTH Budapest , Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH April 2, 1937
Place of death Mátraháza