Gyula Gömbös

Gyula Gömbös

Gyula Gömbös von Jákfa [ ˈɟulɒ ˈɡømbøʃ ] (born December 26, 1886 in Murga, Tolna County , Austria-Hungary ; died October 6, 1936 in Munich ) was a Hungarian general , leading right-wing extremist politician of the Horthy regime and Prime Minister of Hungary (1932– 1936). Under his government, Hungary came closer to fascist Italy, the Austrian corporate state and National Socialist Germany.

Life

Gömbös came from a small noble family of German descent; his father was a village schoolmaster. His chance for social advancement was a career as a professional soldier, which he embarked on at the age of fifteen as a soldier of the Honvéd . In 1906 he was promoted to lieutenant, at the end of the First World War he was only a captain, despite having been a staff officer. He became known for his nationalist, anti- Habsburg views. In 1918 he was co-founder and head of the anti-Semitic-nationalist organization “Awakening Hungary” and in 1919 supported Admiral Miklós Horthy in the military resistance against the Hungarian Communist Soviet Republic . In the anti-communist counter-government that was formed in Szeged in 1919, he was State Secretary in the War Ministry headed by Horthy. During this time he founded anti-Semitic secret societies and was the leading person in the "Hungarian National Armed Forces Association" (MOVE = Magyar Országos Véderö Egyesülete).

In 1920 Gömbös entered the Hungarian Parliament for the Small Farmers Party ( Országos Kisgazdapárt , OKGFP) . In 1923 he resigned from the conservative ruling party and founded the right-wing extremist Party of Hungarian National Independence (known for short as the Racial Protection Party ). In the government of the Conservative Prime Minister István Bethlen , Gömbös became Minister of War on October 10, 1929. In response to increasing pressure from the radical right, he was appointed Prime Minister by Reichsverweser Horthy on October 1, 1932, but retained his previous office. As Prime Minister he pursued an authoritarian domestic policy until 1936, filled numerous state offices with officers and tried to transform Hungary into a totalitarian state based on the fascist model. In terms of foreign policy, he promoted Hungarian cooperation with Mussolini's Italy and Dollfuss' Austria ( Roman Protocols 1934). Most recently he tried to work with National Socialist Germany .

By introducing conscription , he enlarged the Hungarian army . His authoritarian politics brought him into conflict with the moderate conservatives towards the end of his government. The small farmers party switched to the opposition camp. Gömbös died of testicular cancer during his tenure in Munich .

Fonts (selection)

• József Vonyó (Ed.): Gömbös Gyula. Válogatott politikai beszédek és írások , Osiris K., Budapest 2004, ISBN 963-389-667-3 [ Selected political speeches and writings ]
• The National Work Plan of the Gyula Gömbös Government , Pester Lloyd Society, Budapest 1932
• For the national end in itself [A nemzeti öncelusetzt. German] 12 speeches by Prime Minister Julius Gömbös , Pester Lloyd, Budapest 1932
• [Ed.]: Agriculture in Hungary presents itself to the 16th International Agriculture Congress , Organizing Committee of the 16th International Agriculture Congress, Budapest 1934

Individual evidence

1. ^ Margit Szöllösi-Janze: The Arrow Cross Movement in Hungary. Historical context, development and rule. Munich 1989 ISBN 3-486-54711-9 , p. 84

literature

• Miklós Zeidler: An Outsiders Attempt at Radical Reform . In: Rebecca Haynes, Martyn Rady (Eds.): In the Shadow of Hitler: Personalities of the Right in Central and Eastern Europe . IB Tauris, London 2011, pp. 121-137 ISBN 978-1-84511-697-2
• László Kontler: Dějiny Maďarska [History of Hungary.] Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, 2001, ISBN 978-80-7106-616-3
• 1932 - 1935. Goemboe's government for three years , in: Pester Lloyd , Budapest 1935
• Franz Sz. Horvath: Gömbös, Gyula , in: Handbuch des Antisemitismus , Volume 2/1, 2009, p. 292f.

Web links

• Literature by and about Gyula Gömbös in the catalog of the German National Library
• Literature by and about Gyula Gömbös in the bibliographic database WorldCat
• Newspaper article about Gyula Gömbös in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .