Károly Huszár

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Károly Huszár (around 1910)

Károly Huszár de Sárvár ( Sárvári Huszár Károly ; born October 9, 1882 in Nussdorf , † October 29, 1941 in Budapest , Hungary ) was a Hungarian politician who served as Prime Minister and Acting Head of State of Hungary from November 1919 to March 1920. His tenure fell in a period of revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918-20) immediately after the  First World War , at a time when the government changed frequently.

Life

Huszár was born on September 10, 1882 in Nussdorf . He received training as a teacher and from 1903 became involved in the Christian Socialist Party (Keresztényszocialista Párt).

Between 1910 and 1918 he was a member of the Christian National Party (Keresztény Nemzeti Párt) in the Hungarian Parliament and editor-in-chief of the party newspaper  Néppart . He fought as a volunteer in the First World War. In the cabinet of  János Hadik , the last cabinet of the Kingdom of Hungary , he briefly took over the Ministry of Education and Religion .

After the establishment of the  Hungarian Soviet Republic  in March 1919, he was arrested, but soon released again and went into exile in Vienna. After the end of the Soviet Republic, he again took over the Ministry of Education and Religion in the government of  István Friedrich , between August and November 1919. At that time he was one of the leaders of the Christian National Union Party (Keresztény Nemzeti Egyesülés Pártja - KNEP), the most important ruling party of the 1920s.

government

Cabinet formation

The Huszár cabinet.

The small counterrevolutionary Royal Hungarian Army under Miklós Horthy  marched into Budapest on November 14, 1919  two days after the Romanian army withdrew  . Due to the mediation of the envoy of the Entente , a coalition government was formed on November 23, with Huszár as prime minister. The former Prime Minister,  István Friedrich , was removed from office, also because his ambitions conflicted with those of Horthy. In addition, Horthy had little trust in him because he was close to Mihály Károlyi . The new government also integrated the Small Peasant Party , the National Democrats (Liberals) and Social Democrats. The government should only exist temporarily until new elections are held. For new elections, the right to vote should be extended to 39.2% of the population and, for the first time, should also include women, and be held as a secret ballot . Friedrich remained on the Council of Ministers and became responsible for defense, a position that was meaningless because the army obeyed Horthy. However, his party, the KNEP, held most of the most important posts. Friedrich and the supporters of the KNEP (high nobility of the north and west, Catholic Church ) would have continued to have power through control of the cabinet, had Horthy only kept his promise to transfer control from the military to the government.

The executive had little influence over the gangs that criss-crossed Hungary and spread white terror everywhere  . Jews were also often the victims . In December, Huszár enacted a law allowing anyone to be arrested who "posed a threat to public order". As a result, thousands of people were arrested without charge, including most of the Social Democrats who were still in the country.

General elections and the Horthy government

Due to the persecution and the lack of support in the country, the Social Democrats decided not to run in the election. The progressive parties won. The Social Democrats only came to power because of the difficult situation in the country, with the aim of moderating the counterrevolutionary tendencies. But on December 18, 1919, they had to withdraw their ministers from the cabinet, which continued until January 15. This was followed by political court cases, irregularities in the elections and attacks on the party's press organs. The elections in January gave the smallholder party a small majority in contrast to the Habsburgs and against the Christian National Unity Party , which was monarchical and dynastic. The result anticipated a future crisis between the two tendencies, although the majority of the population had no interest in it, as the political situation threatened to lead them into poverty. On March 1, 1920, after a political campaign for Horthy and the intimidation of Parliament, they voted overwhelmingly for Miklós Horthy as the candidate for the new post of Regent of Hungary (131 votes out of 141). Troops loyal to Horthy surrounded Parliament during the vote. Huszár stood on the side of Horthy, against those who the imperial regime wanted to have back.

peace contract

The government was invited to attend the  1919 Paris Peace  Conference. Both Horthy and Huszár were convinced that the peace treaty was necessary, the terms of which were presented to the Hungarian delegation on January 16th. The conference had already determined the conditions about a year in advance, on the basis of the peoples ' right to self-determination , regardless of other criteria such as geography or economy. Huszár's government denied that minorities wanted to join neighboring countries, claiming that these would also constitute a majority in certain areas assigned to them. He applied for plebiscites to be held (October – February 1920). However, the peace conference denied these claims a month later and on March 6th confirmed the text of the treaty. On March 14, 1920, a new coalition government of left and right forces under Sándor Simonyi-Semadam  took office. Huszár resigned that day so that he would not have to sign the contracts.

During the reign of Simonyi-Semadam (Act I, 1920), the Habsburg monarchy in Hungary was abolished, Hungary was officially separated from the  First Austrian Republic and the head of state was regent Miklós Horthy (from March 1, 1920). All laws enacted during the  Hungarian People's Republic under Mihály Károlyi ,  Gyula Peidl and during the time of the  Hungarian Soviet Republic were revoked.

Next life

Between 1920 and 1928 Huszár was a deputy and vice-president of the Hungarian National Assembly. Then he moved to the Reichstag . Between 1928 and 1934 he was the chairman of the National Social Security Institute . After he had gradually withdrawn from politics, he died on October 29, 1941 in Budapest.

literature 

Web links

Commons : Károly Huszár  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Roszkowski, Kofman 2016: 367.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Macartney 1957: 23-25.
  3. ↑ Szilassy 1971: 69th
  4. ↑ Szilassy 1969 104th
  5. ↑ Szilassy 1971: 69
  6. ↑ Szilassy 1971: 69
  7. ↑ Mocsy 1983: 155.
  8. ↑ Szilassy 1971: 69th
  9. ↑ Mocsy 1983: 155.
  10. ↑ Mocsy 1983: 155.
  11. ↑ Szilassy 1971: 70th
  12. ↑ Szilassy 1971: 70th
  13. ↑ Szilassy 1971: 71st
  14. ↑ Szilassy 1971: 71st
  15. ↑ Szilassy 1971: 70th
  16. ↑ Szilassy 1971: 72nd
  17. ↑ Szilassy 1971: 72nd
  18. ↑ Szilassy 1971: 72nd
  19. ↑ Szilassy 1971: 73rd
  20. ↑ Szilassy 1971: 73rd
  21. ↑ Roszkowski Kofman 2016: 367
personal data
SURNAME Huszár, Károly
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sárvári Huszár Károly, Karl Huszar
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian teacher, politician
DATE OF BIRTH October 9, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Nussdorf
DATE OF DEATH October 29, 1941
Place of death Budapest , Hungary