C. Robert Cloninger

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Claude Robert Cloninger

Claude Robert Cloninger (born April 4, 1944 in Beaumont (Texas) ) is an American psychiatrist and geneticist at Washington University in St. Louis . He researches the biological, psychological and social foundations of mental disorders.

Cloninger's work includes genetics , neurobiology , personality development , and the development of personality disorders . In prospective studies of adopted children, he identified and described hereditary personality traits that represent a propensity for alcoholism and other psychiatric disorders. In 1998 he carried out a genetic study of normal personality traits and developed the two personality questionnaires Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI).

The American Psychiatric Association honored Robert Cloninger with the Judd Marmor Award in 2009 for his research .

Temperament and Character Inventory

In the questionnaire that he developed in 1989, he defined "four dimensions of temperament":

  1. Avoidance behavior : "fearful, pessimistic" ↔ "open-minded, optimistic"
  2. Curiosity : "impulsive, heated" ↔ "rigid, cumbersome"
  3. Dependency on recognition : "warm, seeking confirmation" ↔ "cold, aloof"
  4. Perseverance (added later by Cloninger): "persevering, ambitious" ↔ "slightly discouraged, staying if possible"

In 1993 the definition of the " three dimensions of character " followed

  1. Inner order and self-control (responsibility, sense orientation, resourcefulness, self-acceptance, enlightened second nature)
  2. Cooperation & social coordination (social acceptance, empathy, helpfulness, compassion, sincere conscience)
  3. Self-transcendence (self-forgetfulness, transpersonal identification, spiritual acceptance). Cloninger adopted the term self-transcendence from the Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist Victor Frankl . This founded the logotherapy and existential analysis, which is often referred to as the “Third Viennese School of Psychotherapy”, and in which self-transcendence is the defining term.

For Frankl, self-transcendence is "the fundamental anthropological fact that being human always refers beyond itself to something that is not itself again - to something or to someone: to a meaning that a person fulfills, or to being with one another And only to the extent that a person transcends himself in this way does he also realize himself: in the service of a cause - or in love for another person ... he becomes completely himself where he is himself - overlooks and forgets. "

Selected items

  • CR Cloninger: The science of well-being: An integrated approach to mental health and its disorders. In: World Psychiatry. Volume 5, 2006, pp. 71-76.
  • CR Cloninger, DM Svrakic, TR Przybeck: Can personality assessment predict future depression? A twelve-month follow-up of 631 subjects. In: J Affective Disorder. Volume 92, No. 1, 2006, pp. 35-44.
  • CR Cloninger: Completing the psychobiological architecture of human personality development: Temperament, Character, & Coherence. In: UM Staudinger, UER Lindenberger (Ed.): Understanding human development: Dialogues with lifespan psychology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston 2003, pp. 159-182.
  • CR Cloninger: The discovery of susceptibility genes for mental disorders. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Volume 99, No. 21, 2002, pp. 13365-13367.
  • CR Cloninger: Biology of personality dimensions. In: Current Opinions in Psychiatry. Volume 13, 2000, pp. 611-616.
  • CR Cloninger: A new conceptual paradigm from genetics and psychobiology for the science of mental health. In: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. Volume 33, 1999, pp. 174-186.
  • CR Cloninger, NM Svrakic, DM Svrakic: Role of personality self-organization in development of mental order and disorder. In: Development and Psychopathology. Volume 9, 1997, pp. 881-906.
  • CR Cloninger: The genetic structure of personality and learning: a phylogenetic perspective. In: Clinical Genetics. Volume 46, 1994, pp. 124-137.
  • CR Cloninger, DM Svrakic, TR Przybeck: A psychobiological model of temperament and character. In: Archives of General Psychiatry . Volume 50, 1993, pp. 975-990.
  • CR Cloninger, TR Przybeck, DM Svrakic: The tridimensional personality questionnaire: US normative data. In: Psychological Reports. Volume 69, 1991, pp. 1047-1057.
  • M. Hansenne, M. Delhez, CR Cloninger: Psychometric properties of the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised in a Belgian sample. In: J Person Assess. Volume 85, 2005, pp. 40-49.
  • NA Gillespie, CR Cloninger, AC Heath, NG Martin: The genetic and environmental relationship between Cloninger's dimensions of temperament and character. In: Personality and Individual Differences. Volume 35, 2003, pp. 1931-1946.
  • RA Grucza, TR Przybeck, CR Cloninger: Personality as a mediator of demographic risk factors for suicide attempts in a community sample. In: Comprehensive Psychiatry. Volume 46, 2005, pp. 214-222.
  • S. Sullivan, CR Cloninger, TR Przybeck, S. Klein: Personality characteristics in obesity and relationship with successful weight loss. In: Int J Obes . Volume 31, 2007, pp. 667-674.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Claude Robert Cloninger. In: Who's Who in the World 2009. 26th edition. Marquis Who's Who, New Providence, NJ 2008.
  2. ↑ Highly Cited Researchers . Claude Robert Cloninger. Version 1.5, ISI Highly Cited.com. Institute for Scientific Information, 2008.
  3. ↑ Robert Cloninger. (Biography and interview) In: G. Hellinga, B. van Luyn, H.-J. Dalwijk (Ed.): Personalities: Master clinicians confront the treatment of borderline personality disorder. Jason Aronson, Northvale NJ / London 2001, pp. 99-120.
  4. ^ CR Cloninger, M. Bohman, S. Sigvardsson: Inheritance of alcohol abuse: cross-fostering analysis of adopted men. In: Archives of General Psychiatry. Volume 38, No. 8, 1981, pp. 861-869.
  5. ↑ CR Cloninger, M. Bohman, S. Sigvardsson: Childhood personality predicts alcohol abuse in young adults. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. Volume 12, 1988, pp. 494-505.
  6. ↑ CR Cloninger, A.-L. von Knorring, S. Sigvardsson, M. Bohman: Symptom patterns and causes of somatization in men. In: Genetic Epidemiology. Volume 3, 1986, pp. 171-185.
  7. ↑ CR Cloninger, P van Eerdewegh, A. Goate et al .: Anxiety proneness linked to epistatic loci in genome scan of human personality traits. In: Am J Med Genet. Volume 81, 1998, pp. 313-317.
  8. ^ CR Cloninger: A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. In: Arch Gen Psychiatry. Volume 44, 1987, pp. 573-588.
  9. ↑ CR Cloninger, DM Svrakic, TR Przybeck: A psychobiological model of temperament and character. In: Arch Gen Psychiatry. Volume 50, 1993, pp. 975-990.
  10. ↑ CR Cloninger, DM Svrakic, TR Przybeck: A psychobiological model of temperament and character. In: Arch Gen Psychiatry. Volume 50, 1993, pp. 975-990.
  11. ^ CR Cloninger: Feeling good: The science of well-being. Oxford University Press, New York 2004.
  12. ↑ CR Cloninger, DM Svrakic, TR Przybeck: A psychobiological model of temperament and character. In: Arch Gen Psychiatry. Volume 50, 1993, pp. 975-990.
  13. ↑ Lexicon of Psychology. Self-transcendence. Spectrum of Science , 2000, accessed October 13, 2015 .

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Cloninger, C. Robert
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Cloninger, Claude Robert (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American psychiatrist and geneticist
DATE OF BIRTH April 4, 1944
PLACE OF BIRTH Beaumont (Texas)