Alanine aminopeptidase
| Aminopeptidase N | ||
|---|---|---|
|
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| according to PDB 4FYQ | ||
| other names |
Alanyl aminopeptidase, aminopeptidase M, AP-M |
|
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 967 amino acids , 109,540 Da | |
| Identifier | ||
| External IDs | ||
| Enzyme classification | ||
| EC, category | 3.4.11.2 | |
Alanine aminopeptidase (synonymous CD13 , aminopeptidase N ) is a surface protein .
properties
Alanine aminopeptidase is an aminopeptidase with broad substrate specificity. It is involved in the hydrolysis of proteins during digestion. It may be involved in the formation of gallstones . In neurons , it is involved in the breakdown of neurotransmitters . Alanine aminopeptidase hydrolyzes MHCII- bound antigens and is a marker of invasiveness in acute myeloid leukemia . It is being studied to treat tumors . Furthermore, it is the cellular receptor for the cell entry of the spike glycoprotein of the coronavirus HCoV-229E and is involved in the cell entry of the cytomegalovirus hCMV . It is made by many types of cells, e.g. B. epithelial cells of the kidney , intestine , respiratory tract , granulocytes , monocytes , fibroblasts , endothelial cells , pericytes at the blood-brain barrier and on the synaptic membrane of neurons. During angiogenesis of various tumor cells, it is increasingly formed. The alanine aminopeptidase is glycosylated and sulfated and binds zinc ions . As an aminopeptidase, it hydrolyzes peptides with a neutral amino acid at the N terminus , e.g. B. alanine . It has N -terminal the cytoplasmic part, a transmembrane domain and extracellularly a metalloprotease of type II.
literature
- P. Mina-Osorio: The moonlighting enzyme CD13: old and new functions to target. In: Trends in Molecular Medicine . Volume 14, Number 8, August 2008, pp. 361-371, doi : 10.1016 / j.molmed.2008.06.003 , PMID 18603472 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b M. Wickström, R. Larsson, P. Nygren, J. Gullbo: Aminopeptidase N (CD13) as a target for cancer chemotherapy. In: Cancer science. Volume 102, number 3, March 2011, pp. 501-508, doi : 10.1111 / j.1349-7006.2010.01826.x , PMID 21205077 .
- ↑ Y. Luan, W. Xu: The structure and main functions of aminopeptidase N. In: Current medicinal chemistry. Volume 14, Number 6, 2007, pp. 639-647, PMID 17346152 .