Angra nuclear power plant

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Angra nuclear power plant
Angra nuclear power plant: Unit 2 (left) and Unit 1 (right)
Angra nuclear power plant: Unit 2 (left) and Unit 1 (right)
location
Angra Nuclear Power Plant (Rio de Janeiro)
Angra nuclear power plant
Coordinates 23 ° 0 ′ 30 "  S , 44 ° 27 ′ 30"  W Coordinates: 23 ° 0 ′ 30 "  S , 44 ° 27 ′ 30"  W
Country: BrazilBrazil Brazil
Data
Owner: Eletrobrás Termonuclear SA - Eletronuclear
Operator: Eletrobrás Termonuclear SA - Eletronuclear
Project start: 1971
Commercial operation: Jan. 1, 1985

Active reactors (gross):

2 (2007 MW)

Reactors under construction (gross):

1 (1350 MW)
Energy fed in in 2010: 13,898.77 GWh
Energy fed in since commissioning: 156,603.23 GWh
Website: eletronuclear.gov.br
Was standing: May 16, 2011
The data source of the respective entries can be found in the documentation .

Angra , also known by the original spelling Central Nuclear Almirante Álvaro Alberto ( CNAAA ), is the only commercial nuclear power plant in Brazil . It is located on Praia de Itaorna in Angra dos Reis in the province of Rio de Janeiro . The location between the metropolises of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo is located in a landslide- prone bay on the Atlantic coast. The spent fuel rods are only 50 meters from the sea.

The construction of the nuclear facility goes back to an agreement between the German federal government and the Brazilian military regime in 1975. The nuclear power plant consists of two pressurized water reactors : Angra I with an installed electrical output of 626  MW (first network synchronization in 1982) and Angra II with an installed electrical one Output of 1,350 MW (first network synchronization in 2000). A third reactor, Angra III with a gross electrical output of 1,405 MW, has been planned since 1975. Work on this third block began in 1984 and was discontinued two years later due to environmental concerns and financial problems. On June 1, 2010, construction work for Angra III was officially resumed. The federal government approved a Hermes guarantee for 1.5 billion euros for the expansion , but the final loan approval is still pending.

Angra I

The reactor for Angra I is a Westinghouse pressurized water reactor that Brazil bought in the United States . The “bankruptcy kiln from the seventies” was only in operation for 14 days in 1994.

Angra II

The Angra II pressurized water reactor was built using German technology ( Siemens / KWU ) and went on-line in 2000 after a 25-year planning and construction period. In 2001 150 liters of radioactive water ended up in the Atlantic Ocean.

Angra III

The technology for Angra III was bought in 1985 for 750 million DM and has been stored since then. This costs $ 20 million a year. The report from 2010, which is based on an intended German Hermes export guarantee for Areva / Siemens in the amount of 2.5 billion euros, is criticized by environmental associations as a “courtesy report”. It remains unclear to what extent the facility is secured against plane crashes, and there is, according to atomic expert Helmut Hirsch , "no systematic description of which rules and guidelines were used in detail." Also an expanded report presented in 2012 by Areva had been commissioned left the answers to basic questions open. For this reason, the German federal government announced in May 2012 that it would not initially decide on the desired loan guarantee.

In September 2014, the new completion date is 2019 [obsolete] . Commissioning had previously been expected in 2018. Disputes about the construction costs and a related withdrawal of workers, as well as the conversion of the technology of the power plant from analog components to digital technology is given as the reason for the delay. These measures are intended to increase the safety of the system.

In 2017, the Brazilian government announced that the power plant would be auctioned off to private investors.

The Brazilian government's nuclear policy

The negative experience in Angra meant that Brazil stopped all planned construction of nuclear power plants and no new plans for nuclear power plants began.

On May 8, 2007, however, the Brazilian government announced that it would resume the program for the construction of Angra III and four other power plant blocks that had been frozen since 1986. Government estimates put Angra III at a cost of 7 billion Brazilian reals (about € 3 billion) to complete. The reason given for resuming the nuclear program was dangers to security of supply. The need for action arises from the problematic approval procedures for two planned hydropower plants in the state of Rondônia, for which there is little hope from the government's point of view. One does not want to replace this generation capacity with gas-fired power plants , on the one hand for reasons of climate protection and on the other hand because of the great uncertainties for the Brazilian natural gas supply, which result from the political situation in the main supplier country Bolivia.

In 2010, the German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle supported the Brazilian government's nuclear course during a visit to the country and campaigned for the German nuclear industry . The German federal government promised a guarantee of 1.3 billion euros for the Angra III reactor . When approving Angra III, the then President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva tried to claim that he could “guarantee that what happened in Chernobyl will never happen in Brazil . Never. ”To dispel concerns.

Due to the nuclear disaster in Fukushima , the German government wants to re-examine the German 1.3 billion euro export guarantee for the construction of Angra III. Siemens is involved in the project; The French nuclear company Areva is in charge .

In September 2013, Mauricio Tolmasquim, head of the state energy planning authority, announced that the government would not build four new nuclear reactors by 2030 and would instead rely on wind power.

  • Model of Angra II in the visitor center

  • Model of a reactor in the visitor center

  • Construction site of Block III in May 2015

Data of the reactor blocks

The Angra nuclear power plant has a total of two completed blocks :

Reactor block Reactor type net
power 		gross
power 		start of building Network
synchronization 		Commercial
operation 		switching off
processing
Angra-1 Pressurized water reactor 609 MW 640 MW 05/01/1971 04/01/1982 01/01/1985 (Planned for 2025)Template: future / in 5 years
Angra-2 Pressurized water reactor ( pre-convoy ) 1275 MW 1350 MW 01/01/1976 07/21/2000 02/01/2001 (Planned for 2040)Template: future / in 5 years
Angra-3 Pressurized water reactor 1245 MW 1405 MW 06/01/2010 - (Planned for 2019) [obsolete] -

Trivia

See also

Web links

Commons : Angra Nuclear Power Plant  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Brazil (English)
  2. ↑ Get off at home, promote the Süddeutsche Zeitung from August 31, 2011 abroad
  3. ↑ Frankfurter Rundschau of March 20, 2010. p. 5
  4. ↑ Frankfurter Rundschau of March 20, 2011 p. 5
  5. ↑ http://www.taz.de/1/zukunft/umwelt/artikel/1/gefaelligkeitsgutachten-fuers-akw/
  6. ↑ Malte Kreutzfeld: Guarantee for Brazil's Angra 3: The only thing that helps the nuclear power plant is a stress test. In: the daily newspaper, May 9, 2012
  7. ↑ ANGRA 3 - ASSINADO CONTRATO DE MONTAGEM
  8. ↑ Brazil's Angra III nuclear project to be auctioned by 2018 -deputy minister . In: Reuters , March 22, 2017. Retrieved July 21, 2017.  
  9. ↑ Berlin vouches for the Frankfurter Rundschau scrap reactor from March 18, 2011
  10. ↑ cit. n. Frankfurter Rundschau of March 20, 2011 p. 5
  11. ↑ fr-online.de of March 23, 2011