Calenic pottery
As Calenische ceramic , also Calener ceramic and Calener vases, a genus of South Italian ceramic is referred to. It is a relief-based black varnish ceramic . It was used from the middle of the 4th century until the 2nd century BC. Chr. Produced.
The Calen ceramics got their name from finds in the ancient city of Cales near Capua , which is now called Calvi Risorta . However, it was also produced in other regions, such as Paestum , Sicily and Taranto . The vases got their typical black color from a coating of black gloss. The repertoire of shapes for the vases was very limited. Small ointment vessels ( askoi and gutti ), bowls with a medal-shaped, medium-high relief decoration and phials (omphalos bowls ) were made. The latter are called "Arethusa bowls". The ointment vessels can also be decorated with medallions. The vessels were shaped with the help of molded shells. Several workshops can be reconstructed on the basis of these and thanks to workshop signatures. These include the production facilities of Calenos in Cales and those of Gabinius and Atilius in Campania . The reliefs mostly showed incidents from Greek mythology . In doing so, themes are used that have been used in previous generations, especially in painted ceramics . On some medallions elephants or Gauls are shown, they refer to contemporary events.
literature
- Rudolf Pagenstecher : The Calenic relief ceramic. (= Yearbook of the German Archaeological Institute. Supplementary Booklet No. 8. ) Reimer, Berlin 1909.
- Rolf Hurschmann : Calener vases. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 2, Metzler, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-476-01472-X , Col. 935 f.
