Carbonylation

In chemistry, carbonylation is a reaction to introduce a carbonyl group into organic chemical compounds.

These include:

• Formylation
• Hydrocarboxylation

In the carbonylation of ethyne , it is treated with carbon monoxide in the presence of compounds with reactive hydrogen - e.g. B. in water - and a catalyst converted to acrylic acid:

If alcohols or secondary amines are used instead of water , then acrylic acid esters or acrylic acid amides are obtained analogously .

• Koch reaction : Alkenes react with carbon monoxide and water under nickel tetracarbonyl catalysis at around 250 ° C and 20 MPa to form saturated monocarboxylic acids
• The carbonylation of arenes - in the simplest case benzene - takes place under the conditions of Friedel-Crafts acylation . From the arenes and phosgene , carboxylic acid chlorides are formed , which lead to carboxylic acids on hydrolysis .

See also

• Decarbonylation
• Carboxylation

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Brockhaus ABC Chemie , VEB FA Brockhaus Verlag, Leipzig 1965, pp. 147-148.
2. ^ Siegfried Hauptmann : Organic Chemistry , 2nd revised edition, VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindindustrie, Leipzig 1985, p. 263, ISBN 3-342-00280-8 .
3. ^ Hans Beyer and Wolfgang Walter : Organische Chemie , S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart 1984, p. 99, ISBN 3-7776-0406-2 .
4. ^ Siegfried Hauptmann: Organic Chemistry , 2nd revised edition, VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig 1985, pp. 398–399, ISBN 3-342-00280-8 .
5. ^ Siegfried Hauptmann: Organic Chemistry , 2nd revised edition, VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindindustrie, Leipzig 1985, p. 399, ISBN 3-342-00280-8 .