Nickel tetracarbonyl

Structural formula
General
Surname	Nickel tetracarbonyl
other names	Nickel carbonyl Tetracarbonyl nickel (IUPAC)
Molecular formula	[Ni (CO) 4 ]
Brief description	colorless liquid
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 13463-39-3 EC number 236-669-2 ECHA InfoCard 100.033.322 PubChem 518772 Wikidata Q414537
properties
Molar mass	170.73 g · mol -1
Physical state	liquid
density	1.32 g cm −3
Melting point	−25 ° C
boiling point	43 ° C
Vapor pressure	425 h Pa (20 ° C)
solubility	very bad in water (2 mg l −1 at 20 ° C)
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling from  Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , expanded if necessary danger H and P phrases H: 225-351-360D-330-410 P: ?
MAK	Switzerland: 0.05 ml m −3 or 0.35 mg m −3
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Nickel tetracarbonyl is a colorless liquid. This substance belongs to the group of metal carbonyls . Nickel tetracarbonyl is of particular importance in the production of pure nickel and as a catalyst.

history

Nickel tetracarbonyl was discovered in 1890 by the German-English chemist Ludwig Mond .

Extraction and presentation

Nickel tetracarbonyl is formed when finely divided nickel powder comes into contact with carbon monoxide above 60 ° C. This synthesis is also called the moon process after its discoverer, and the nickel obtained in this way is also called "moon nickel":

${\displaystyle \mathrm {Ni_{(s)}+4\ CO_{(g)}\longrightarrow [Ni(CO)_{4}](g)} }$

The reaction is reversible. From 180 ° C, the compound breaks down into the starting substances.

Chemical properties

Nickel tetracarbonyl ignites in air at over 60 ° C. It reacts violently with oxidizing agents (risk of explosion). Above approx. 160 ° C it decomposes into elemental nickel and carbon monoxide. In nickel tetracarbonyl, nickel has the oxidation number 0, which is otherwise rare in compounds .

use

Pure nickel with a content> 99.9% is produced by the thermal decomposition of nickel tetracarbonyl (which can be easily cleaned by distillation) (see Mond method ). Nickel tetracarbonyl is often used as a base material for organometallic Ni compounds, which u. a. can be used as versatile catalysts. The compound also serves as a catalyst in hydrocarboxylation .

safety instructions

Nickel tetracarbonyl is very toxic and probably carcinogenic. It can self-ignite when exposed to air (risk of explosion).

Trivia

Nickel tetracarbonyl is also known under the name of liquid death due to its high toxicity .

Web links

• International Chemical Safety Card (ICSC) for Nickel carbonyl at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
• Curves showing relationships between metal concentration and achievable RON

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Entry on nickel tetracarbonyl in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on August 24, 2019(JavaScript required) .
2. ↑ Entry on tetracarbonyl nickel in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers and / or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
3. ↑ Swiss Accident Insurance Fund (Suva): Limit values ​​- current MAK and BAT values (search for 13463-39-3 or nickel tetracarbonyl ), accessed on November 2, 2015.
4. ↑ ^{a b} D.EG Kerfoot: Nickel , in: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry , Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2012; doi : 10.1002 / 14356007.a17_157 .
5. ↑ Urban Dictionary: liquid death. Retrieved October 15, 2017 (American English).