Ceorl

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Mercia and its neighboring empires in Ceorl's time

Ceorl (also Cearl ) was a king of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia at the beginning of the 7th century.

Life

Ceorl was the first king of Mercias who is mentioned as such in the sources. His ancestors are unknown and it is controversial whether he came from a branch line of the established royal family of the Iclingas or was not related to this.

His daughter Cwenburh had the two children Osfrith and Eadfrith with Edwin , who had been expelled from Northumbria , more precisely Deira , and whom Ceorl had given shelter. This indicates that Ceorl was neither a follower of Æthelfriths of Northumbria nor Æthelberhts of Kent , who is said to have been the most powerful ruler in southern England at the time, but was an independent ruling king who himself paid tribute to his dependents Areas. Presumably, Ceorl was recognized as the upper king in neighboring English territories and parts of Wales. Higham assumes that Ceorl's realm included the nineteen tribes mentioned in the first section of the Tribal Hidage . It is believed that the Ribble River formed the border between Northumbria and Mercia at that time.

Æthelfrith won an important victory over the Welsh kingdoms and probably also over Mercia in the Battle of Chester in around 615 . His influence in Mercia became so strong around 615/616 that Ceorl could no longer protect Edwin who had fled and Edwin sought asylum in East Anglia . It is possible that Æthelfrith put an end to Ceorl's rule around 616 and was able to rule even Mercia and the small empires that were dependent on it for a time, or set up sub-kings dominated by him.

Mostly Ceorl's death is set for the year 626 and Penda , the son of Pybba , is regarded as his direct successor. The rise of Mercia to a local great power within the so-called heptarchy began under Penda . Ceorl's grandsons Osfrith and Eadfrith were killed by Penda.

swell

literature

  • Michelle P. Brown, Carol Ann Farr (Eds.): Mercia: An Anglo-Saxon Kingdom In Europe . Continuum, 2005, ISBN 978-0-8264-7765-1 .
  • Nicholas J. Higham: An English Empire: Bede, the Britons, and the Early Anglo-Saxon Kings . Manchester University Press, 1995, ISBN 978-0-7190-4423-6
  • Steven Basset (Ed.): The Origins of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms . Leicester University Press, Leicester 1989, ISBN 0-7185-1317-7 .
  • Wendy Davies: Annals and the Origins of Mercia . In: Ann Dornier: Mercian Studies. Leicester University Press, Leicester 1977, ISBN 0-7185-1148-4 .
  • Ann Dornier: Mercian Studies. Leicester University Press, Leicester 1977, ISBN 0-7185-1148-4 .
  • David Dumville: The Anglian Collection of Royal Genealogies and Regnal Lists . In: Anglo Saxon England 5 (1976), p. 23-50
  • Nicholas J. Higham: The Kingdom of Northumbria. AD 350-1100 . Sutton, Stroud 1993, ISBN 0-86299-730-5 .
  • DP Kirby: The Earliest English Kings . Unwin Hyman, London 1991, ISBN 0-04-445691-3 .
  • Frank M. Stenton: Anglo-Saxon England . 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford 1971, ISBN 0-19-280139-2 .
  • Ian W. Walker: Mercia and the Making of England . Sutton, Stroud 2000 ISBN 0-7509-2131-5
  • Barbara Yorke : Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England . Routledge, London-New York 2002, ISBN 978-0-415-16639-3 . PDF (6.2 MB)

Web links

  • Ceorl in Foundation for Medieval Genealogy.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Nicholas J. Higham: An English Empire: Bede, the Britons, and the Early Anglo-Saxon Kings . Manchester University Press, 1995, ISBN 978-0-7190-4423-6 , p. 79.
  2. ^ FM Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England , p. 38
  3. ↑ Beda, HE , II, 14
  4. ↑ Beda, HE , II, 5
  5. ^ NJ Higham, The Kingdom of Northumbria. AD 350-1100 , p. 112f
  6. ^ A b Nicholas J. Higham: An English Empire: Bede, the Britons, and the Early Anglo-Saxon Kings . Manchester University Press, 1995, ISBN 978-0-7190-4423-6 , p. 78.
  7. ^ Nicholas J. Higham: An English Empire: Bede, the Britons, and the Early Anglo-Saxon Kings . Manchester University Press, 1995, ISBN 978-0-7190-4423-6 , pp. 85-86.
  8. ^ David W. Rollason: Northumbria, 500-1100: Creation and Destruction of a Kingdom . Cambridge University Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0-521-81335-8 , p. 27.
  9. ^ Nicholas J. Higham: An English Empire: Bede, the Britons, and the Early Anglo-Saxon Kings . Manchester University Press, 1995, ISBN 978-0-7190-4423-6 , pp. 146-147.
  10. ↑ John Cannon, Anne Hargreaves: The Kings and Queens of Britain, Oxford University Press, 2009 (2nd revised edition), ISBN 978-0-19-955922-0 , p. 44.
  11. ↑ DP Kirby, Alfred Smyth, Ann Williams (Eds.): A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain, Routledge, 1991, ISBN 978-1-85264-047-7 , p. 74.
predecessor Office successor
Pybba King of Mercia
606–616 / 626 		Penda
personal data
SURNAME Ceorl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Cearl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Mercia
DATE OF BIRTH 6th century or 7th century
DATE OF DEATH 7th century