Deira

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Britain approx. 500
Britain approx. 600

Deira was a small Anglic kingdom in England that became historically tangible in the 6th century. During that century the British Kingdom of Ebrauc was absorbed, and in the early 7th century the British Kingdom of Elmet . Together with Bernicia to the north , Deira formed what would later become Northumbria .

history

It stretched from the Humber to the Tyne . However, the area north of the tea was uninhabited. The name Deira is of British origin, which means Celtic, and is derived either from the word deifr (water) or daru (oak).

Little is known about the establishment of the first Anglish settlements. Deira has been inhabited by Anglers since the middle of the 5th century. Soemel (fl. Around 450), an ancestor of the later King Ælle (560-588 / 590) is said to have detached Deira from the British kingdom of Bryneich according to the Historia Brittonum and possibly established the Anglic kingdom in Deira. Anglic conquerors probably settled the valley of the River Derwent in the third quarter of the 5th century and laid the foundation stone for what would later become Deira. It is generally assumed that the Anglic Deira developed from an already existing political unit of a British character. The British Ebrauc (today's York , at that time the capital of the kingdom of the British of the same name) seems to have been taken in the first half of the 6th century by the Anglish kingdom of Deira.

The first recorded king was Ælle , who , according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , became the Anglic king of Deira in 560. Presumably Æall made forays into the British-populated valley of the River Wharfe . After his death around 588 Deira fell first to Æthelric and then to Æthelfrith from the Anglish kingdom of Bernicia, which united both kingdoms and thus created the conditions for the rise of the Anglish Northumbria. Deira was part of Northumbria under King Edwin . Even after the unification, however, Deira temporarily retained his own identity. Individual, own kings of Deira after the union with Bernicia to Northumbria are documented. In times of Bernicia's weakness, Deira was able to establish its own kings again and again in the first half of the 7th century. This happened after King Edwin fell in 633 and Northumbria was divided in two, with Deira briefly regaining independence under King Osric . After the death of the Northumbrian King Oswald at the Battle of Maserfeld in 642, Deira gained a certain degree of independence under his own King Oswine . Even after Deira was finally absorbed into the kingdom of Northumbria under the rule of Oswius , this tendency towards independence persisted, as Deira was not ruled directly by the central authority for several decades, but had its own sub-kings who were subordinate to the king of Northumbria. It was only during the reign of King Ecgfrith that Deira's special role was finally ended.

Kings of Deira

The year figures are approximate and may vary slightly from the correct information.

Genealogy of the Deiras kings

In the family tree of the dynasty, kings are highlighted in bold.

Mythical origin

Mythical ancestors according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle : and the Anglian Collection :

  • Frithowulf
    • Woden
      • Waddy (Wegdæg)
        • Seagar (Siggar)
          • Swaddy (Suebdæg)
            • Sigeat (Siggeot)
              • Sebbald (Sæbald)
                • Sæfugul ("sea bird")
                  • (Seomel)
                    • Westorualcna ("West Falcon")
                      • Wilgis (Wilgils)
                        • Uscfrea (Wuscfrea)

Mythical ancestors according to the Historia Brittonum :

  • Woden
    • Beldeg
      • Brond
        • Siggar (Siggar)
          • Sibald (Sæbald)
            • Zegulf
              • Soemil (Soemel)
                • Sguerthing
                  • Giulglis (Wilgis, Wilgils)
                    • Ulfrea (Wuscfrea)
                      • Iffi (Yffi)
                        • Æll
                        • Ælfric
                        • Eadwine
                          • 2 sons
                        • Osfrith
                        • Eanfrith

Historical dynasty

  1. Æll
    1. Acha ∞ Æthelfrith (593–616)
    2. Edwin (616-633) ∞I. Cwenburh, daughter of King Ceorl of Mercia ∞II. Æthelburg (605–647), daughter of King Æthelberht I of Kent (see Oiscingas )
      1. (I) Osfrith
        1. Yffi
      2. (I) Eadfrith
      3. (II) Eanflæd (* around 625) ∞ Oswiu (642–670)
      4. (II) Uscfrea
      5. (II) Æthelhun
      6. (II) Æthelthryth
    3. NN
      1. Hereric (parents unknown, nephew of Edwin) ∞ Breguswith
        1. Hilda of Whitby , saint
        2. Hereswitha ∞ Æthelhere (see Wuffinger )
    4. Æthelric (589-604)
  2. Ælfric (brother Ælles)
    1. Osric (633-634)
      1. Oswine (642-651)

See also

swell

  • The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: MS A v. 3 , Janet Bately (Ed.), Brewer, Rochester (NY) 1986, ISBN 0-85991-103-9 .
  • Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People , B. Colgrave & RAB Mynors (Eds.), Clarendon, Oxford 1969, ISBN 0-19-822202-5 .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Nicholas J. Higham: The Kingdom of Northumbria AD 350-1100 . Sutton Publ., Stroud 1993, ISBN 0-86299-730-5 , pp. 80-81.
  2. ^ Philip Holdsworth: Deira . In: Lapidge et al. (Ed.): The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England . Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford et al. a. 2001, ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1 , p. 139.
  3. ↑ Rosemary Cramp: Aella (paid registration required). In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved October 19, 2011
  4. ^ FM Stenton: Anglo-Saxon England . P. 74
  5. ↑ ASC , s. a. 560
  6. ^ Charles Arnold-Baker: The Companion to British History , Routledge, 2001, ISBN 978-0-415-18583-7 , p. 943.
  7. ^ J. Campbell, The Anglo-Saxons , p. 53
  8. ↑ HE, III, 1
  9. ↑ HE , III, 14
  10. ↑ Simon Keynes: Kings of the Northumbrians . In: Lapidge et al. (Ed.): The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England . Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford et al. a. 2001, ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1 , pp. 502-505.
  11. ↑ Individual records of family relationships and government or life data are included in the biographies.
  12. ^ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year 560
  13. ↑ only in the Anglian Collection
  14. ↑ a b c d e Historia Brittonum , 61
  15. ^ A b John Cannon, Anne Hargreaves: The Kings and Queens of Britain , Oxford University Press, 2009 (2nd revised edition), ISBN 978-0-19-955922-0 , p. 34.
  16. ^ DP Kirby, Alfred Smyth, Ann Williams (Eds.): A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain , Routledge, 1991, ISBN 978-1-85264-047-7 , pp. Xxvii.