Oswine

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Oswine (also Osuinus ; † August 20, 651 ) was king of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Deira from 642/643 to 651 . He is venerated as a saint .

St. Oswine

Life

Youth and Exile

Oswine was the son of King Osric of Deira. His father died in 634 fighting against King Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd . In 634 Oswald returned from exile , presumably with his brother Oswiu , and defeated Cadwallon in the Battle of Heavenfield near Hexham . Oswald also secured the throne of Deira and drove his heir Oswine to Wessex into exile. Thus the two kingdoms Bernicia and Deira were reunited to form Northumbria . Oswine spent the next few years in Wessex under the protection of King Cynegils (611–643).

Domination

Oswald fell on August 5, 642 in the battle of Maserfield against Penda of Mercia (probably near Oswestry ), near the Welsh border. The immediate consequence of the defeat was the renewed division of Northumbria: Oswald's brother Oswiu succeeded the throne in northern Bernicia, while in southern Deira the old dynasty there came to the throne again with Oswine. According to another opinion, Oswiu ruled Bernicia and Deira between 642 and 644, but was then ousted from Deira by Oswine. Other historians at least consider this notion. The thesis that Oswine came to the throne with the support of King Penda of Mercia is hardly supported today. Oswine apparently had strong support among the Deir nobility. He ruled his empire in peace and goodness, probably also under the influence of Aidan von Lindisfarne , with whom he had a deep friendship. Beda Venerabilis praised Oswine for his Christian virtues .

Oswiu, who on his mother's side probably came from the Deirian royal family, denied Oswine's claims to power over Deira. To strengthen his claims, he married his cousin Eanflæd , a daughter of Edwin and granddaughter Ælles, around 643 . Oswine seems to have tried to revive the vacant Diocese of York . The rivalry between Oswiu and Oswine intensified when Oswine tried to get the Northumbrian Bishop Aidan of Lindisfarne to his side. Both sides armed militarily.

Death and succession

Oswine's relics were kept in Tynemouth Priory.

In 651 Oswiu Deira attacked and the conflict broke out openly. At Uilfarasdun the armies faced each other when Oswine recognized the enemy's superior strength and disbanded his army. Oswine sought refuge with one of his followers in Ingethlingum (Gilling in the Ryedale district ). But he betrayed him to Oswiu, who had Oswine murdered on August 20, 651. Oswius' ambitious plan did not work, because rule over Deira initially went to his nephew Æthelwald (around 651 – around 655), who initially ruled as his under-king, but soon tried to make himself independent, probably supported by Penda.

Oswine was the last independent king of Deiras. He was followed by some of Bernicia dependent sub-kings before Deira was finally united with Bernicia to Northumbria around 679.

Adoration

The betrayal of Oswine outraged the whole country and made him a martyr. Oswius' wife Eanflæd , a relative of Oswine, arranged for him to build an expiation monastery in Gilling as a burial place for Oswine, which soon became a well-known pilgrimage site. In the Viking Age (793-1066) the relics of Oswines were transferred to Tynemouth Priory ( Tynemouth ). The priory has been destroyed several times and Oswine's grave has been forgotten. The monastery in Gilling was also destroyed by the Vikings. In 1065 the tomb was found again through the vision of a monk and the relics of Bishop Æthelwine of Durham (1056-1071) were solemnly reburied. Further translations took place on March 11, 1100 and August 20, 1103. When Henry VIII (1509–1547) dissolved the English monasteries, Oswine's shrine still existed and contained the body and garment of the saint. Some relics came to Durham at this time .

Oswine is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, his feast day is August 20th.

swell

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Simon Keynes: Kings of the Northumbrians . In: Lapidge et al. (Ed.): The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England . Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford et al. a. 2001, ISBN 978-0-6312-2492-1 , pp. 502-505.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Karl Schnith:  Oswin von Deira. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 6, Bautz, Herzberg 1993, ISBN 3-88309-044-1 , Sp. 1331-1332.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  3. ↑ a b c Beda: HE 3,14
  4. ↑ Michelle Ziegler: The Politics of Exile in Early Northumbria ( Memento January 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (Memorial University of Newfoundland)
  5. ↑ Beda: HE 3,1
  6. ^ A b c Nicholas J. Higham: The convert kings: power and religious affiliation in early Anglo-Saxon England , Manchester University Press, 1997, ISBN 978-0719048289 , pp. 223-231.
  7. ↑ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year 642
  8. ^ A b Barbara Yorke : Kings and Kingdoms of early Anglo-Saxon England . Routledge, London-New York 2002, ISBN 978-0-415-16639-3 , pp. 78-80. PDF (6.2 MB)
  9. ^ Philip Holdsworth: Oswiu . In: Lapidge et al. (Ed.): The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England . Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford et al. a. 2001, ISBN 978-0-6312-2492-1 , p. 349.
  10. ↑ Barbara Yorke: Nunneries and the Anglo-Saxon Royal Houses . Continuum, 2003, ISBN 978-0826460400 , p. 162.
  11. ^ Philip Holdsworth: Deira . In: Lapidge et al. (Ed.): The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England . Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford et al. a. 2001, ISBN 978-0-6312-2492-1 , p. 139.
  12. ^ DP Kirby, Alfred Smyth, Ann Williams (eds.): A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain , Routledge, 1991, ISBN 978-1-85264-047-7 , p. 197.
  13. ^ A b c St. Oswin in Catholic Encyclopedia
predecessor Office successor
Oswald King of Deira
642 / 643–651 		Æthelwald
personal data
SURNAME Oswine
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Osuinus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Deira
DATE OF BIRTH 6th century or 7th century
DATE OF DEATH August 20, 651
Place of death Gilling