Chicago jazz
The Chicago Jazz (in the relevant literature almost always as Chicago Jazz ) is an independent style in the development of jazz . It evolved from an originally by the New Orleans Jazz embossed imitation of the "black jazz" by white musicians. The Chicago Jazz should not with the Dixieland be confused.
development
In the early 1920s, many black musicians from New Orleans had come to Chicago (including King Oliver , Jelly Roll Morton, and Louis Armstrong ). A major reason for this was that the then New Orleans entertainment district, Storyville , was closed by decree. In addition, there was a large number of jobs in Chicago, and black musicians could work there, which was unusual at the time. Some white middle-class students who listened to New Orleans jazz on Chicago's southside began to copy their black role models, developing their own style.
Style features
Chicago jazz is characterized by the greater importance of the individual solos (solo improvisation) (in contrast to collective improvisation in early New Orleans jazz ), the increasing importance of the saxophone , and in particular a certain emotional reluctance to play. At the beginning of the 1930s the style was superseded by the emerging big band music of swing .
occupation
The saxophone became very important, especially as a solo instrument. The bass and the guitar replaced the tuba and banjo . In addition, the 2nd and 4th beats were emphasized by the drums .
Performers
Well-known representatives of Chicago jazz include Bix Beiderbecke , Jimmy McPartland , Frank Teschemacher , Bud Freeman , Gene Krupa , Frank Trumbauer , Frank Westphal , Red Nichols , Hoagy Carmichael , Adrian Rollini , Eddie Condon , Joe Venuti and the young Benny Goodman .
literature
- Werner Burkhardt : Chicago. In: Joachim-Ernst Berendt (ed.) The story of jazz. From New Orleans to rock jazz. Reinbek 1978 (1991), pp. 63-83
- William Howland Kennedy: Chicago Jazz. A Cultural History, 1904-1930 . Oxford University Press, New York 1993. ISBN 0-19-506453-4