Chinese ophthalmology

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The Chinese ophthalmology or Chinese ophthalmology ( Chinese  中医 眼 科学 , Pinyin zhōngyī yǎnkē xué ) is a branch of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), in which diseases of the eyes with Chinese drug therapy , acupuncture / moxibustion , Tuina , Chinese dietetics and the Chinese movement therapies ( Qigong and Taijiquan ) are treated.

The first indications of eye diseases and their treatment in China can be found in oracle inscriptions on bones and turtle shells, which can be dated to the Shang and Yin dynasties (16th century to 1066 B.C.E.).

The work "Refined and Subtle from the Silver Sea" ( 银海 精微 , yínhǎi jīngwēi ), which was written by an unknown person under the name of Sun Simiao at the end of the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368), is important for Chinese ophthalmology .

A specialty of Chinese ophthalmology are the “five wheels” ( 五 轮 , wǔlún ) and “eight walls” ( 八 be , bākuò ), which denote the anatomical structures of the eye and are each related to certain functional circles. From changes in the five wheels and eight walls, conclusions can be drawn about diseases and the necessary therapy.

In modern Chinese ophthalmology, both in China and in Western countries, diagnostic methods of western medicine (e.g. slit lamp ) are combined with diagnostic methods of Chinese medicine (e.g. pulse and tongue diagnosis ). On this basis, a symptom configuration is formulated, which is based on the theories of Chinese medicine.

Of the acupuncture points, Bl1 ( jingming睛 明, “lightness of the eye”) and Ma1 ( chengqi承 泣, “the point that absorbs the structural force”) should have a special relationship to eye diseases.

Among the Chinese medicines, z. B. Chrysanthemi flos ( 菊花 , júhuā ) have a special relation to the eyes.

In the course of history, numerous Qigong exercises have been developed which contribute to better eye care and thus prevent ametropia such as nearsightedness (so-called "eye qigong"). Such exercises are regularly practiced in Chinese schools.

Eye Qigong and Tuina are important supplementary therapeutic measures in TCM in order to consolidate the treatment result after acupuncture in myopia .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fatrai / Uhrig (2012), p. 2.
  2. ↑ Fatrai / Uhrig (2012), pp. 35–38.
  3. ↑ Kovacs / Unschuld (1998), pp. 44, 47.
  4. ↑ Guojia yaodian weiyuanhui 国家 药典 委员会 : Zhonghua renmin gongheguo yaodian 中华人民共和国 药典 (Pharmacopoeia of the PR China) Volume 1, Zhongguo yiyao keji chubanshe 中国 医药 科技 出版社 (Chinese Publishing House for Medicine, Pharmacology, Science and Technology), Beijing 2010, ISBN 978-7-5067-4439-3 , p. 292.
  5. ↑ Fatrai / Uhrig (2012), p. 165 ff.
  6. ↑ Zhong Kai: Acupuncture Treatment for Juvenile Myopia. In: Chinese Medicine. 3, 1992, pp. 72-78.

literature

  • Agnes Fatrai, Stefan Uhrig (ed.): Chinese medicine in ophthalmology - acupuncture, drug therapy, dietetics, Tuina and Qigong. 2nd Edition. Tipani-Verlag, Wiesbaden 2012, ISBN 978-3-9815471-0-8 .
  • J. Kovacs, PU Innschuld : Essential Subtleties on the Silver Sea (The Yin-hai jing-wei) . University of California Press, Berkeley 1998, ISBN 0-520-08058-0 .
  • Li Zhuanke and others: New traditional Chinese ophthalmology (Xinbian zhongyi yanke xue) . Volksverlag for Military Medicine, Beijing 1997, ISBN 7-80020-704-8 .
  • Guan Guohua ao: Diagnostics and treatment in Chinese ophthalmology (Zhongyi yanke zhenliao xue) . University Publishing House for Chinese Medicine and Medicines, Shanghai 2002, ISBN 7-81010-613-9 .
  • Xiao Guoshi et al: Clinical Manual of Traditional Chinese Ophthalmology (Zhongyi yanke linchuang shouce). Volksverlag für Hygiene, Beijing 1996, ISBN 7-117-02443-7 .