Chronica de singulis patriarchis Nove Aquileie
The Chronica de singulis patriarchis Nove Aquileie is one of the oldest historical sources in Venice . It is preserved in a codex in the Biblioteca Barberini in Rome and bears the signature XI, 145. The 17th and 18th century copies were made from this codex, so that a total of four manuscripts exist. It appears as the complete title Chronica de singulis patriarchis nove Aquileje, quae gradensis ecclesia vocatur, a tempore domini Heliae ("libreria Barberini al n. CCXLVII"). This brings the real message, namely the relocation of the Patriarchate from Aquileje to Grado at the time of Helias of Aquileia, more clearly into focus. According to Marco Foscarini there is a partial copy in the Vaticana al n. 3922, pp. 24-28. There the title reads: Temporibus Tiberii Costantini Auguste, Helias, patriarcha aquilejensis in gradensi castro . The oldest manuscript is the Vatican Codex Urbinate 440 , which, according to Monticolo, was written before 1032.
The chronicle was probably not made before the early 11th century, because it still mentions the patriarch Orso Orseolo (1018-1045) and the 37 years of his reign. Since Johannes Diaconus used the underlying manuscript, which Max Manitius , again following Monticolo, dates to around 1008, in his opinion at least the information about the said period of rule of the Patriarch Orso Orseolo was added later. For him, the work was accordingly from the 10th century.
The author was presumably a clergyman from the archives of the Metropolitan Church, because his concise presentation is partially based on documents that were in this archive. The linguistic style is simple and the presentation ends with a catalog of the Patriarchs from Grado up to the 11th century. Above all, the presentation in the first part is based almost exclusively on local documents; among them are some that no longer exist. Among the documents that must have been available to the author is a letter from Gregory II , relating to March 1, 725 and the expulsion of Bishop Peter from Pola. He also knew a lost catalog of the Patriarchs of Grado as well as the Historia Langobardorum of Paulus Diaconus . With him Marcianus succeeds Severus, in addition he replaces Paulus with Paulinus.
The content of the chronicle is divided into two parts. The first part tells of the settlement of the islands, the emergence of the centers around Torcello and the foundation of the churches in the Venetian lagoon , as well as their dedication to the various patrons. The reason for the settlement is seen in the invasion of the Huns under Attila , and in the resulting flight to the islands in the lagoon, which is considered safe. The second part tries to show that Grado was not only the temporary residence of the Patriarch of Aquileia, but the only and final one. In addition, the claim to jurisdiction over the churches of the dioceses of Venice and Istria is justified.
The opus begins with the foundation of the Church of St. Eufemia at Grado by Patriarch Helias of Aquileia, as well as the synod held there (November 3, 579). According to the chronicle, this synod determined the establishment of the Gradenser Archdiocese over Veneto and Istria. In the chronicle, the destruction of Aquileias goes back to the Huns of Attila, but the loss of the ecclesiastical supremacy of the local patriarch over the Venice lagoon to Grado, if one follows the chronicle, only goes back to the invasion of the Lombards from 568 onwards, or rather the The pressure they put on Aquileia. The author of the chronicle not only gives the names of the twenty bishops involved, but also quotes the speech of Helias, with which he justifies the transfer to Grado. According to Max Manitius, this is a forgery, because the twenty names of the bishops were copied from the synodal decree of Mantua (827).
This falsified justification of the claims of the Metropolitan Church are followed in the chronicle by extremely brief vitae of the successors of Helias. Quotes from the letters of Pope Gregory II (715–731) to Serenus on the one hand and to the bishops of Veneto and Istria on the other hand are woven in. After even tighter notes, a comparatively prominent account of the relationship between the Patriarch Fortunatus and Charlemagne follows . This is followed by a mere list of the patriarchs, their respective reigns and their burial place.
A number of passages of the text have been included in the somewhat more recent Chronicon Gradense .
literature
- Max Manitius : History of Latin Literature in the Middle Ages. From the middle of the 10th century to the outbreak of the struggle between church and state , Volume 2: From the middle of the tenth century to the outbreak of the struggle between church and state , Beck, Munich 1923, ND 1975, pp. 251-252 ( Digitized )
- Luigi Andrea Berto: Cronica de singulis patriarchis Nove Aquileie , in: Graeme Dunphy, Cristian Bratu (ed.): Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle , doi : 10.1163 / 2213-2139_emc_SIM_000294
Remarks
- ↑ Marco Foscarini considered it to be the oldest chronicle of Venice in 1732: Marco Foscarini: Della letteratura veneziana, con aggiunte inedite dedicata al principe Andrea Giovanelli , Venice 1854 ( digital copy), p. 119 (originally Venice 1732).
- ^ Giovanni Monticolo : Cronache veneziane antichissime , Rome 1890, p. X f.
- ↑ Marco Foscarini: Della letteratura veneziana, con aggiunte inedite dedicata al principe Andrea Giovanelli , Venice 1854, p. 119, note 1.
- ↑ Max Manitius : History of the Latin Literature of the Middle Ages. From the middle of the 10th century to the outbreak of the struggle between church and state , Volume 2: From the middle of the tenth century to the outbreak of the struggle between church and state , Beck, Munich 1923, ND 1975, p. 251.