Cichla
| Cichla | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cichla ocellaris |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the tribe | ||||||||||||
| Cichlini | ||||||||||||
| Heckel , 1840 | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Cichla | ||||||||||||
| Bloch & Schneider , 1801 |
Cichla is a genus of cichlids (Cichlidae) thatoccursin tropical South America east of the Andes .
features
Cichla - species differ from all other tilapia by their deep incision between the hartstrahligen and the soft-rayed part of the dorsal fin . Your anal fin has three hard rays . The head is large, with a deep gap in the mouth, the teeth are conical. With lengths of 26 to 99 centimeters, they are the largest South American cichlids. All species have a sexual dimorphism , males become larger and have a steep forehead or develop a forehead hump. There are also clear differences between youth and adult coloring. There is an eye spot at the base of the tail .
Way of life
The fish predatory feed on smaller fish. They are substrate spawners who lay very large clutches open on a stone with several thousand eggs. The female takes care of the clutch, while the male defends the territory .
Cichla species are popular as food fish and are caught. Some species have been released by humans in Central America , the southern United States, and Hawaii .
Within the South American cichlids, Cichla is considered the original genus.
species
According to Fishbase there are 15 described species of which 9 were only described by Kullander & Ferreira in 2006:
- Cichla cataractae Sabaj, López-Fernández, Willis, Hemraj, Taphorn & Winemiller, 2020
- Cichla intermedia Machado-Allison, 1971
- Cichla jariina Kullander & Ferreira, 2006
- Cichla kelberi Kullander & Ferreira, 2006
- Cichla melaniae Kullander & Ferreira, 2006
- Cichla mirianae Kullander & Ferreira, 2006
- Cichla monoculus Spix & Agassiz, 1831
- Cichla nigromaculata Jardine & Schomburgk, 1843
- Cichla ocellaris Bloch & Schneider, 1801
- Cichla orinocensis Humboldt, 1821
- Cichla pinima Kullander & Ferreira, 2006
- Cichla piquiti Kullander & Ferreira, 2006
- Cichla pleiozona Kullander & Ferreira, 2006
- Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821
- Cichla thyrorus Kullander & Ferreira, 2006
- Cichla vazzoleri Kullander & Ferreira, 2006
swell
- Günther Sterba : The world's freshwater fish. 2nd Edition. Urania, Leipzig / Jena / Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-332-00109-4 .
- Claus Schaefer: Cichla Schneider, 1801. In: Claus Schaefer, Torsten Schröer (Hrsg.): The large lexicon of aquaristics. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-7497-9 , p. 232 f.
Individual evidence
- ↑ IP Farias, G. Ortí, A. Meyer: Total evidence: molecules, morphology, and the phylogenetics of cichlid fishes. In: The Journal of experimental zoology. Volume 288, Number 1, April 2000, pp. 76-92, PMID 10750055 .
- ↑ Cichla on Fishbase.org (English)
- ^ Mark H. Sabaj, Hernán López-Fernández, Stuart C. Willis, Devya D. Hemraj, Donald C. Taphorn, and Kirk O. Winemiller. 2020. Cichla cataractae (Cichliformes: Cichlidae), New Species of Peacock Bass from the Essequibo Basin, Guyana and Venezuela. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 167 (1); 69-86. DOI: 10.1635 / 053.167.0106
