Cichlinae

Cichlinae
	Cichla ocellaris
Systematics
without rank:	Spinefish (Acanthopterygii)
without rank:	Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae)
	Ovalentaria
Order :	Cichliformes
Family :	Cichlids (Cichlidae)
Subfamily :	Cichlinae
Scientific name
	Cichlinae
	Heckel , 1840

The Cichlinae are a subfamily of the cichlids (Cichlidae), to which all South, Central and North American cichlids, a total of about 60 genera and 600 species, belong. The subfamily was established in 1840 by the Austrian zoologist and ichthyologist Johann Jacob Heckel .

Systematic history

For a long time only two genera of New World cichlids were united in it ( Cichla and Crenicichla ) while most New World cichlids were placed in the subfamilies Cichlasomatinae and Geophaginae. However, the Cichlasomatinae and another subfamily, the Astronotinae, turned out to be non- monophyletic , so the American ichthyologists John S. Sparks and William Leo Smith proposed that all New World cichlids should be united in the Cichlinae, the subfamily Geophaginae, etc. a. as a tribe.

features

The close relationship of these externally different genera is based on molecular biological investigations and is hardly supported by morphological characteristics. The American ichthyologist Melanie Stiassny only found a special joint between ploughshare (vomer) and parasphenoid in the skull of the fish, a feature that the cichlinae also share with the African genus Heterochromis .

Basic shape of the zebra cichlid
Discus-shaped, discus fish
Elongated fins, sailfins
Streamlined, Crenicichla lenticulata

Internal system

The cichlinae are divided into a number of branches :

Relationships within the Cichlinae according to Ilves et al. 2017.

Cichlinae

	Retro culini

	Cichlini

Astronotini

	Chaetobranchini

	Geophagini

Cichlasomatini

Heroini

Pterophyllum

	Hypselecara

	Hoplarchus

Mesonautines

	Clade of southern Central America

	Clade of Northern Central America

Tribus Retroculini
- Genus Retroculus
Tribe Cichlini
- Genus Cichla
Tribe Chaetobranchini
- Genera: Chaetobranchus , Chaetobranchopsis
Tribe Geophagini
- Genres: Acarichthys , Apistogramma , Apistogrammoides , Biotodoma , Biotoecus , Crenicara , Crenicichla , Dicrossus , Geophagus , Guianacara , Gymnogeophagus , mazarunia , Microgeophagus , Taeniacara , teleocichla , Satanoperca and "Geophagus" brasiliensis group of species
Tribe Astronotini
- Genus Astronotus
Tribe Cichlasomatini
- Genera: Acaronia , Aequidens , Andinoacara , Bujurquina , Cichlasoma , Cleithracara , Ivanacara , Krobia , Laetacara , Nannacara , Rondonacara , Tahuantinsuyoa
Tribus Heroini
- Australoheros
- Hypselecara
- Hoplarchus
- Pterophyllum
- High-backed clade (Mesonautines): Mesonauta , Uaru , Symphysodon , Heros
- Amphilophines: Amatitlania , Amphilophus , Archocentrus , Chortiheros , Cryptoheros , Darienheros , Hypsophrys , Isthmoheros , Neetroplus , Panamius , Parachromis , Petenia , Talamancaheros
- Astatoheroines: Astatheros , Herotilapia , Rocio , Tomocichla
- Caquetaines: Caquetaia , Heroina , Kronoheros
- Herichthyines: Chiapaheros , Chocoheros , Cincelichthys , Chuco , Herichthys , Kihnichthys , Maskaheros , Mesoheros , Nosferatu , Oscura , Paraneetroplus , Rheoheros , Theraps , Thorichthys , Trichromis , Vieja , Wajpamheros
- Nandopsines: Nandopsis

Web links

Commons : Cichlinae - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c Hernán López-Fernández, Kirk O. Winemiller, Rodney L. Honeycutt: Multilocus phylogeny and rapid radiations in Neotropical cichlid fishes (Perciformes: Cichlidae: Cichlinae) . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 55 , no. 3 , June 2010, ISSN 1095-9513 , p. 1070-1086 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2010.02.020 , PMID 20178851 .
^ Swedish Museum of Natural History Phylogeny of major groups of cichlids.
^ Kullander, SO 1998. A phylogeny and classification of the South American Cichlidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). Pp. 461-498 in Malabarba, L., et al. (Ed.): Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes. Porto Alegre.
^ ^A ^b John S. Sparks, Wm. Leo Smith: Phylogeny and biogeography of cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae) . In: Cladistics . tape 20 , no. 6 , 2004, ISSN 1096-0031 , p. 501-517 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-0031.2004.00038.x .
^ ^A ^b Wm. Leo Smith, Prosanta Chakrabarty, John S. Sparks: Phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of Neotropical cichlids (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlinae) . In: Cladistics . tape 24 , no. 5 , 2008, ISSN 1096-0031 , p. 625-641 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-0031.2008.00210.x .
↑ Katriina L. Ilves, Dax Torti, Hernán López-Fernández: Exon-based phylogenomics strengthens the phylogeny of Neotropical cichlids and identifies remaining conflicting clades (Cichliformes: Cichlidae: Cichlinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, October 2017, doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2017.10.008 .

[Fernández-1] Hernán López-Fernández, Kirk O. Winemiller, Rodney L. Honeycutt: Multilocus phylogeny and rapid radiations in Neotropical cichlid fishes (Perciformes: Cichlidae: Cichlinae) . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 55 , no. 3 , June 2010, ISSN 1095-9513 , p. 1070-1086 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2010.02.020 , PMID 20178851 .

[2] Swedish Museum of Natural History Phylogeny of major groups of cichlids.

[3] Kullander, SO 1998. A phylogeny and classification of the South American Cichlidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). Pp. 461-498 in Malabarba, L., et al. (Ed.): Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes. Porto Alegre.

[SparksSmith-4] A ^b John S. Sparks, Wm. Leo Smith: Phylogeny and biogeography of cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae) . In: Cladistics . tape 20 , no. 6 , 2004, ISSN 1096-0031 , p. 501-517 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-0031.2004.00038.x .

[SmithChakrabartySparks-5] A ^b Wm. Leo Smith, Prosanta Chakrabarty, John S. Sparks: Phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of Neotropical cichlids (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlinae) . In: Cladistics . tape 24 , no. 5 , 2008, ISSN 1096-0031 , p. 625-641 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-0031.2008.00210.x .

[Ilves-6] Katriina L. Ilves, Dax Torti, Hernán López-Fernández: Exon-based phylogenomics strengthens the phylogeny of Neotropical cichlids and identifies remaining conflicting clades (Cichliformes: Cichlidae: Cichlinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, October 2017, doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2017.10.008 .