Cichlinae
Cichlinae | ||||||||||||
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Cichlinae | ||||||||||||
Heckel , 1840 |
The Cichlinae are a subfamily of the cichlids (Cichlidae), to which all South, Central and North American cichlids, a total of about 60 genera and 600 species, belong. The subfamily was established in 1840 by the Austrian zoologist and ichthyologist Johann Jacob Heckel .
Systematic history
For a long time only two genera of New World cichlids were united in it ( Cichla and Crenicichla ) while most New World cichlids were placed in the subfamilies Cichlasomatinae and Geophaginae. However, the Cichlasomatinae and another subfamily, the Astronotinae, turned out to be non- monophyletic , so the American ichthyologists John S. Sparks and William Leo Smith proposed that all New World cichlids should be united in the Cichlinae, the subfamily Geophaginae, etc. a. as a tribe.
features
The close relationship of these externally different genera is based on molecular biological investigations and is hardly supported by morphological characteristics. The American ichthyologist Melanie Stiassny only found a special joint between ploughshare (vomer) and parasphenoid in the skull of the fish, a feature that the cichlinae also share with the African genus Heterochromis .
Basic shape of the zebra cichlid
Discus-shaped, discus fish
Elongated fins, sailfins
Streamlined, Crenicichla lenticulata
Internal system
The cichlinae are divided into a number of branches :
Relationships within the Cichlinae according to Ilves et al. 2017. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- Tribus Retroculini
- Genus Retroculus
- Tribe Cichlini
- Genus Cichla
- Tribe Chaetobranchini
- Genera: Chaetobranchus , Chaetobranchopsis
- Tribe Geophagini
- Genres: Acarichthys , Apistogramma , Apistogrammoides , Biotodoma , Biotoecus , Crenicara , Crenicichla , Dicrossus , Geophagus , Guianacara , Gymnogeophagus , mazarunia , Microgeophagus , Taeniacara , teleocichla , Satanoperca and "Geophagus" brasiliensis group of species
- Tribe Astronotini
- Genus Astronotus
- Tribe Cichlasomatini
- Genera: Acaronia , Aequidens , Andinoacara , Bujurquina , Cichlasoma , Cleithracara , Ivanacara , Krobia , Laetacara , Nannacara , Rondonacara , Tahuantinsuyoa
- Tribus Heroini
- Australoheros
- Hypselecara
- Hoplarchus
- Pterophyllum
- High-backed clade (Mesonautines): Mesonauta , Uaru , Symphysodon , Heros
- Amphilophines: Amatitlania , Amphilophus , Archocentrus , Chortiheros , Cryptoheros , Darienheros , Hypsophrys , Isthmoheros , Neetroplus , Panamius , Parachromis , Petenia , Talamancaheros
- Astatoheroines: Astatheros , Herotilapia , Rocio , Tomocichla
- Caquetaines: Caquetaia , Heroina , Kronoheros
- Herichthyines: Chiapaheros , Chocoheros , Cincelichthys , Chuco , Herichthys , Kihnichthys , Maskaheros , Mesoheros , Nosferatu , Oscura , Paraneetroplus , Rheoheros , Theraps , Thorichthys , Trichromis , Vieja , Wajpamheros
- Nandopsines: Nandopsis
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Hernán López-Fernández, Kirk O. Winemiller, Rodney L. Honeycutt: Multilocus phylogeny and rapid radiations in Neotropical cichlid fishes (Perciformes: Cichlidae: Cichlinae) . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 55 , no. 3 , June 2010, ISSN 1095-9513 , p. 1070-1086 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2010.02.020 , PMID 20178851 .
- ^ Swedish Museum of Natural History Phylogeny of major groups of cichlids.
- ^ Kullander, SO 1998. A phylogeny and classification of the South American Cichlidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). Pp. 461-498 in Malabarba, L., et al. (Ed.): Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes. Porto Alegre.
- ^ A b John S. Sparks, Wm. Leo Smith: Phylogeny and biogeography of cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae) . In: Cladistics . tape 20 , no. 6 , 2004, ISSN 1096-0031 , p. 501-517 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-0031.2004.00038.x .
- ^ A b Wm. Leo Smith, Prosanta Chakrabarty, John S. Sparks: Phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of Neotropical cichlids (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlinae) . In: Cladistics . tape 24 , no. 5 , 2008, ISSN 1096-0031 , p. 625-641 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-0031.2008.00210.x .
- ↑ Katriina L. Ilves, Dax Torti, Hernán López-Fernández: Exon-based phylogenomics strengthens the phylogeny of Neotropical cichlids and identifies remaining conflicting clades (Cichliformes: Cichlidae: Cichlinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, October 2017, doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2017.10.008 .