Apistogramma

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Apistogramma
Agassiz's dwarf cichlid (Apistogramma agassizii), male

Agassiz's dwarf cichlid ( Apistogramma agassizii ), male

Systematics
Ovalentaria
Order : Cichliformes
Family : Cichlids (Cichlidae)
Subfamily : Cichlinae
Tribe : Geophagini
Genre : Apistogramma
Scientific name
Apistogramma
Regan , 1913

Apistogramma is a genus of small, South American cichlids that occur from the Orinoco , the Guyanas over the Amazon basin to the river basins of Río Paraguay and Río Paraná . Apistogramma species are often kept as ornamental fish . The generic name Apistogramma is composed as follows: Apisto meanssomething like "unreliable"in Greek and refers to the lateral line or the longitudinal ligament on the sides of the body ( gramma ). The generic name means something like "with an unreliable sideline".

features

Male and female of the cockatoo dwarf cichlid ( Apistogramma cacatuoides ), example of sexual dimorphism

The largest Apistogramma species grow to be about ten centimeters long, most remain smaller. The genus is characterized by a conspicuous gender dimorphism . The females are more inconspicuously colored than the males, remain noticeably smaller and have fewer extended fins. However, there is a small group of species in which the proportions are reversed.

Way of life

The habitat of the Apistogramma are the flat bank areas of small South American tropical and subtropical rivers. Apistogramma species prefer to be close to the ground between roots and layers of leaves. The water in these bodies of water is predominantly soft and acidic, rarely neutral with medium degrees of hardness. The Apistogramma -Männchen are and in the majority of cases harem revier making and live together with several females. They form a male-mother family in which the female usually takes care of the brood alone, while the male defends the territory. As substrate spawners, they almost always spawn in the protection of leaves and roots, in small caves or under the leaves. Only three species Apistogramma barlowi , Apistogramma megastoma and pantalone Apistogramma are larvophile mouthbrooders , wherein as a further special feature of Apistogramma barlowi near female occasionally the male takes over the mouth brood. The young animals of all species are looked after for several weeks until they become independent.

Apistogramma bitaeniata , male
Borellis dwarf cichlid ( Apistogramma borellii )
Cockatoo dwarf cichlid ( Apistogramma cacatuoides )
Apistogramma cruzi , female
Apistogramma erythrura , male
Apistogramma hongsloi
Villavicencio dwarf cichlid ( Apistogramma macmasteri )
Panda dwarf cichlid ( Apistogramma nijsseni ), male
Parrot dwarf cichlid ( Apistogramma ortegai ), male
Panduro's dwarf cichlid ( Apistogramma panduro )
Steindachner's dwarf cichlid ( Apistogramma steindachneri )
Three-lined dwarf cichlid ( Apistogramma trifasciata )

species

So far, over 90 species that are valid today have been described:

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ U. Römer, I. Hahn: Apistogramma barlowi sp. n .: description of a new faculative mouth-breeding cichlid species (Teleostei: Perciformes: Geophaginae) from Northern Peru. In: Vertebrate Zoology. 58 (1), 2008, pp. 49-66. (PDF)
  2. ↑ U. Römer, J. Beninde, F. Duponchelle, AV Díaz, H. Ortega, I. Hahn, DP Soares, C. Díaz Cachay, CR García Dávila, S. Sirvas Cornejo, J.-F. Renno: Description of Apistogramma allpahuayo sp. n., a new dwarf cichlid species (Teleostei: Perciformes: Geophaginae) from in and around the Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana, Loreto, Peru. . In: Vertebrate Zoology. 62 (2), 2012, pp. 15-34.
  3. ↑ U. Römer, DP Soares, CR García Dávila, F. Duponchelle, J.-F. Renno, I. Hahn: Re-description of Apistogramma payaminonis Kullander, 1986, with descriptions of two new species of the genus Apistogramma (Teleostei, Perciformes, Geophaginae) from northern Peru. In: Vertebrate Zoology. 65 (3), Oct. 26, 2015, pp. 287-314.
  4. ↑ LM Meza Salazar, CA Lasso: Apistogramma megaptera (Perciformes: Cichlidae), una nueva especie para la cuenca del Orinoco. In: Biota Columbiana. 12 (1), Sept. 2011, pp. 19-30.
  5. ↑ U. Römer, CI Römer, G. Estivals, A. Vela Díaz, F. Duponchelle, CR García Dávila, I. Hahn, J.-F. Renno: Description of a new maternal larvophilic mouth-brooding cichlid species, Apistogramma megastoma sp. n. (Teleostei: Perciformes: Geophaginae), from Loreto, Peru. In: Vertebrate Zoology. 67 (2), 2017, 21 pp.
  6. ↑ R. Britzke, C. Oliverira, Sven O. Kullander: Apistogramma ortegai (Teleostei: Cichlidae), a new species of cichlid fish from the Ampyiacu River in the Peruvian Amazon basin. In: Zootaxa. 3869 (4), Oct. 2, 2014, pp. 409-419.
  7. ↑ U. Römer, J. Beninde, F. Duponchelle, CR García Dávila, AV Díaz, J.-F. Renno: Description of Apistogramma paulmuelleri sp. n., a new geophagine cichlid species (Teleostei: Perciformes) from the Amazon river basin in Loreto, Peru. (PDF; 6.5 MB). In: Vertebrate Zoology. 63 (1), 2013, pp. 15–34.
  8. ↑ U. Römer, DP Soares, CR García Dávila, F. Duponchelle, J.-F. Renno, I. Hahn: Re-description of Apistogramma payaminonis Kullander, 1986, with descriptions of two new species of the genus Apistogramma (Teleostei, Perciformes, Geophaginae) from northern Peru. In: Vertebrate Zoology. 65 (3), Oct. 26, 2015, pp. 287-314.

Web links

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