Gymnogeophagus
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| Miranda-Ribeiro , 1918 |
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Gymnogeophagus is a genus of cichlid that occurs in central South America in the catchment area of Río Paraguay , Río Pilcomayo , Río Paraná and Río Uruguay , in the upper Rio Guaporé and in some smaller rivers in southeastern Brazil. The name is made up of the Greek "gymnos" (= naked) and Geophagus and refers to the unscaled (naked) snout compared to the related cichlid genus Geophagus .
features
Gymnogeophagus species are small to medium-sized cichlids and grow to be 9 to a maximum of 17 centimeters long. The body is moderately elongated, high back and flattened on the sides, the head more or less pointed with a sometimes very steep forehead line. Typical of the genus is the absence of the supraneuralia (parts of the vertebrae) and a forward-facing spine in front of the support system of the dorsal fin.
Reproduction
Gymnogeophagus species display a variety of methods of reproduction. Many species are mouth brooders , while others are open brooders . Some form a parent family , others form a mother family.
species
The FishBase database lists eleven species at the end of 2015, the description of five more appeared in December 2015. Together with further new descriptions, 20 species are known in February 2018.
- Gymnogeophagus australis (Eigenmann, 1907)
- Balloon-head earth- eater ( Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia, 1891) ), type species
- Gymnogeophagus caaguazuensis Staeck, 2006
- Gymnogeophagus che Casciotta, Gómez & Toresanni, 2000
- Gymnogeophagus constellatus Malabarba et al., 2015
- Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys (Hensel, 1870)
- Gymnogeophagus jaryi Alonso et al., 2019
- Gymnogeophagus labiatus (Hensel, 1870)
- Gymnogeophagus lacustris Reis & Malabarba, 1988
- Gymnogeophagus lipokarenos Malabarba et al., 2015
- Gymnogeophagus mekinos Malabarba et al., 2015
- Gymnogeophagus meridionalis Reis & Malabarba, 1988
- Gymnogeophagus missioneiro Malabarba et al., 2015
- Gymnogeophagus peliochelynion Turcati et al., 2018
- Gymnogeophagus pseudolabiatus Malabarba et al., 2015
- Gymnogeophagus rhabdotus (Hensel, 1870)
- Gymnogeophagus setequedas Reis, Malabarba & Pavanelli, 1992
- Gymnogeophagus taroba Casciotta et al., 2017
- Gymnogeophagus terrapurpura Loureiro et al., 2016
- Gymnogeophagus tiraparae González-Bergonzoni, Loureiro & Oviedo, 2009
literature
- Horst Linke, Wolfgang Staek: American cichlids II, large cichlids. Tetra-Verlag, Bissendorf 1997, ISBN 3-8974-5101-8 .
- Malabarba, LR, Malabarba, MC & Reis, RE (2015): Descriptions of five new species of the Neotropical cichlid genus Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Cichliformes) from the rio Uruguay drainage. Neotropical Ichthyology, 13 (4): 637-662. doi: 10.1590 / 1982-0224-20140188 .
- Claus Schaefer: Gymnogeophagus Ribeiro, 1918. In: Claus Schaefer, Torsten Schröer (Hrsg.): The large lexicon of aquaristics. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-7497-9 , p. 432 f.
Web links
- Gymnogeophagus on Fishbase.org (English)