Cudgel sawfly

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Cudgel sawfly
Cudgel sawfly of the genus Cimbex

Cudgel sawfly of the genus Cimbex

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera)
Subordination : Plant Wasps (Symphyta)
Superfamily : Tenthredinoidea
Family : Cudgel sawfly
Scientific name
Cimbicidae
Leach , 1817
Larva from the genus Cimbex

The button or cudgel (s) horn sawfly (Cimbicidae) are a family within the plant wasps (Symphyta). They only occur in the Holarctic with around 130 species. 54 species from three subfamilies live in Europe . There are 20 species in Germany. They not only occur in sometimes very low population densities, but sometimes also lead a hidden life and are therefore rarely observed.

features

The common characteristic of this family are the four to seven-membered antennae , which are clearly thickened at the end to a characteristic club ("cudgel sawfly"). The head is large and often enlarged behind the complex eyes. Its rear edge is flat or concave. The mandibles are large and strong. The prothorax is clearly indented at the rear edge; the mesothorax strongly developed. The membranous wings have strong longitudinal veins; the marginal cell is divided by a transverse artery, the anal cell contracted roughly in the middle. The legs are robust, occasionally thickened in the males. The abdomen , which, like all plant wasps , is not constricted towards the thorax , is keeled to the side; semicircular on top, flat on the bottom. The ovipositor of the female does not protrude from the end of the abdomen. Overall, the animals look plump and massive; their flight is fast.

In the subfamily Cimbicinae, there are species with body sizes between 15 and 28 mm, which are among the largest Central European hymenoptera . The genus Cimbex can be recognized by the conspicuously semicircular cut out first abdomen segment . The species are black, brown-red or bright yellow. The (mostly black) species of the genus Trichiosoma stand out due to their strong hair (τριχός "the hair", σόμα "the body"). They have a strong triangular spine on the underside of the hind leg.

The medium-sized species (10–12 mm) are found in the subfamily Abiinae . Most Abia species have a striking green or blue metallic shimmer, the abdomen gites are often bulging. In many species the males have a contiguous, almost rectangular recessed field with thick, black, velvety hair on three or four of the central tergites. In some species the males appear to be absent or are extremely rare ( A. aenea , A. fasciata ), in others the sexes are equally common (e.g. A. candens , A. sericea ).

The smallest species (5-9 mm) belong to the genus Corynis (subfamily Coryninae ). They are mostly black with little yellowing, especially on the sides of the tergites. The species are consistently hairy.

The larvae ( anal caterpillars ) look, like those of all plant wasps, very similar to the caterpillars of butterflies , but differ from them by eight instead of a maximum of seven pairs of legs. The larvae of the Cimbicinae are relatively large with a length of up to 50 mm and also very bulky. Your thoracic legs are five-limbed and well developed. The second to eighth and tenth abdominal segments also have legs. In many species the larvae are brightly dusted.

Way of life

The Imagines of Cimbicinae feed on sweet juices are never found on flowers. They often “ring” young twigs on woody plants (e.g. lilacs ) to get to the sap. Their supposed rarity could be related to the fact that they are probably often in the treetops.

The adults of the Abiinae visit flowers, like umbelliferous plants (hogweed) or scabiosis; however, they are preferably found on the larval forage plants (e.g. honeysuckle, Lonicera xylosteum ).

The Coryninae are, if rare, showy visitors to Ranunculus flowers.

The females lay their eggs either under the epidermis of the leaves or in the leaf margin; in A. lonicerae up to 105. The larvae feed on leaves free of phytophagus . They sit astride the leaf margin while they are eating. They are active at dusk or at night. At rest (during the day) they sit curled up and hidden on the underside of the leaves of the food plant. In the event of malfunctions or danger, they can use reflex bleeding to inject a concentrated stream of body fluid 10 to 20 centimeters away. Pupation usually takes place in a stable cocoon in the ground or between crevices of the bark. Pseudoclavellaria produces a conspicuous reticulate cocoon that clings freely to branches. The species have one generation per year. However, individual individuals of a generation do not hatch until the second or third year ("lying over").

Parasites

About humpback flies ( Phoridae ) as cocoon parasites of Cimbex femoratus reported u. a. Liston (1982).

Types (selection)

The species are to be determined with Taeger (1998).

credentials

  1. ↑ Cimbicidae. Fauna Europaea, accessed May 18, 2007 .
  2. ↑ BLANK, SM, BOEVÉ, J.-L., HEITLAND, W., JÄNICKE, M., JANSEN, E., KOPELKE, J.-P., KOCH, F., RITZAU, C., SCHMIDT, S. , TAEGER, A. (1998): Checklist of the plant wasps in Germany (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). IN: Taeger & Blank: Plant wasps in Germany. Annotated inventory. - Goecke & Evers, 13-34, wine presses
  3. ↑ Drawing by P. Westrich, accessed on May 15, 2013 ( Memento of the original from May 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wildbienen.info
  4. ↑ KANGAS, E. (1944): Biological observations and breeding experiments on some tenthredinids (Hym.). 1. Lygaeonematus wesmaeli, 2. Abia lonicerae. - Annales Entomologici Fennici 10, 172-181, Helsinki
  5. ↑ CHOLODKOVSKY, N. (1897): About spraying devices of the cimbicid larvae. - Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 30, 135-352, St. Petersburg
  6. ↑ CINGOVSKI, J. (1969): [Nutrition of the larvae of Pseudoclavellaria amerinae (Hym., Cimbicidae)] - Acta Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium 11, 179-193, Skopje
  7. ↑ LISTON, AD (1982): Further records of Phoridae (Dipt.) From cocons of Cimbicidae (Hym.). - Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 94, 221, Southampton
  8. ↑ WEIFFENBACH, H. (1985): Symphyta (Hym.) Von Süd-Niedersachsen, Nord- und Mittelhessen. - Communications from the Munich Entomological Society 75, 5-44, Munich
  9. ↑ LIPPERT, W. (2013): Försterauto became a stroller for an extremely rare insect. - Magdeburg Volksstimme of May 6, 2013, edition Gardelegener Volksstimme, p. 26
  10. ↑ LISTON, AD (1997): Discovery of the larval host plant of Corynis crassicornis (Rossi) (Hym Cimbicidae, Coryninae.), And notes on the species natural history. - Sawfly News 1, 22, Daibersdorf
  11. ↑ TAEGER, A. (1998): Identification key for Keulhorn sawfly in Germany (Hymenoptera, Cimbicidae). IN: Taeger & Blank: Plant wasps in Germany. Annotated inventory. - Goecke & Evers, 193-205, wine presses

Web links

Commons : Keulhorn sawfly  - Collection of images, videos and audio files