Ichang lemon
| Ichang lemon | ||||||||||||
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Ichang papeda fruit and leaf |
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| Citrus ichangensis | ||||||||||||
| Swingle |
The citrus ichangensis or Ichang-Papeda ( Citrus ichangensis ) is a plant from the family of the Rutaceae (Rutaceae). It belongs to the subgenus Papedocitrus with greatly enlarged petioles. In China it is used as a low-growth refining base for oranges .
origin
As a wild species in western central and southwestern China at altitudes of up to 2400 m, Ichang-Papeda is the hardest evergreen citrus species (see also hardy citrus plants ). It is named after the city of Yichang ( Wade-Giles : I-ch'ang ) in the Chinese province of Hubei.
description
The evergreen shrubs , which can be over 100 years old, reach heights of growth of up to 3.5 meters. What is striking about this species are the elongated leaf stalks, which are the same size as the actual leaf. Leaf and stem are mirror-inverted and of the same size; together they are about 7 to 11 cm long and 2 to 2.5 cm wide. The end of the leaf is sharply pointed.
The slightly fragrant, large and thick, waxy flowers have stamens that have grown together to form a tube and hang bell-shaped downwards. They appear individually or at most in threes in the leaf axils of the previous year's shoots and can already be recognized as small buds in autumn.
The fruits are like small lemons or tangerines ; there are elongated and broad, flat fruit shapes. The colors are yellow (in the case of an elongated shape) to yellow-orange or orange (in the case of a mandarin shape). The shell is often slightly fluted. Depending on the type, the fruit is juicy with only white pulp, or juicy with a sour-bitter taste.
The seeds are sorted by type, up to 60 pieces per fruit; they are very large, monoembryonic and zygotic. With good pollination, the seeds fill the fruit completely and displace the juice sacs almost completely. The seeds of all seven known wild types are monoembryonic, i.e. they only have one embryo (seedling) per seed. The seven wild forms differ mainly in fruit shape, color and size.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
ecology
The Ichang-Papeda forms hybrids very easily and is therefore well suited for breeding. It is the frost-hardiest evergreen species from the genus of citrus plants ( Citrus ) and can withstand temperatures down to −15 ° C.
Systematics
There are two millennia-old hybrids from different crosses: Citrus ichangensis × Citrus reticulata var. Austera? , also called Citrus junos , Yuzu , (hybrids of Ichangensis with mandarins are called Ichandarin) and Citrus ichangensis × Citrus maxima var.? Hu, also Citrus wilsonii Tan., English called "Ichang Lemon". Both have fruit that can be used well and yuzu has recently been used more and more in fine cuisine.
In recent times some hybrids have been bred, e.g. B. an ichangquat ( Citrus ichangensis × Fortunella margarita ); all hybrids are characterized by pronounced frost hardiness.
use
In China, Ichang-Papeda is used as a weakly growing, compatible refining base for oranges.
literature
- Walter T. Swingle, Philip C. Reece (1967): The Botany of Citrus and Its Wild Relatives . In: W. Reuther, HJ Webber, LD Batchelor (Ed.): The Citrus Industry . Vol. 1. University of California. ( online )
- Bernhard Voss (1997): Citrus plants from tropical to hardy . Humbach & Nemazal, ISBN 3-9805521-3-6
- Bernhard Voss (2005): Citrus Plants . Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH, ISBN 3-440-10174-6
Individual evidence
- ↑ Citrus ichangensis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Web links
- Citrus ichangensis at Plants For A Future
- Citrus ichangensis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Citrus ichangensis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.