Cloisonism
The cloisonnism (of French. Cloison "septum") is an art movement within the painting of modernism , which in 1888 in a circle of artists of the School of Pont-Aven was developed.
The term was coined by the French art critic Édouard Dujardin and first used by him in an article published on May 9, 1888 in the Revue Indépendante . In it, Dujardin referred to the paintings by the French painter Louis Anquetin, which had recently been shown in Brussels as part of an exhibition by the Belgian artist group Les XX ( Les Vingt ) .
The origin of cloisonism can be traced back to the considerations and experiments to which, in response to Neo-Impressionism , Louis Anquetin and Émile Bernard devoted themselves in 1888. Both turned away from the divisionism with which they had previously experimented and developed new strategies together. They found their inspiration, among other things, in Japanese engravings (see Japonism ).
Characteristics of cloisonism are the rejection of the central perspective, the reduction of the picture content to its elementary forms, the application of mostly saturated colors over a large area and, in particular, the strong contouring of the surfaces that inspired Édouard Dujardin to create his words. He referred to the corresponding works as quelque chose comme une peinture par "compartiments", analogue au cloisonné , (German: something like a painting from "departments", analogous to the cloisonné technique ), which is why the explanation of cloisonism often relies on technology The art of cell fusion (cloisonné) is pointed out, in which the colored areas are delimited by metal bars in enamel work.
Bernards and Anquetin's achievements were soon taken up by Paul Gauguin and used in synthetism . Other artists inspired by Cloisonism were Paul Sérusier and various Nabis , including Henri Matisse , as well as representatives of Expressionism .
Representative works
- Paul Gauguin: Vision after the sermon or Jacob's fight with the angel
- Paul Gauguin: The Yellow Christ , 1889
- Vincent Van Gogh: Portrait of the paint dealer Pere Tanguy
- Henri Matisse: The Red Atelier
- Ernst-Ludwig Kirchner : Four bathers
literature
- Dictionnaire de la peinture française , Larousse, 1989 Paris, ISBN 2-03-740011-X
- Patricia Fride R.-Carrasat and Isabelle Marcadé: Les mouvements dans la peinture , Larousse, 1999, ISBN 2-03-511442-X
Footnotes
- ↑ see also: " Jacob's fight on the Jabbok "
- ↑ Dictionnaire de la peinture française, p. 88