Cochlostoma henricae

Cochlostoma henricae
	Cochlostoma henricae
Systematics
Order :	Architaenioglossa
Superfamily :	Cyclophoroidea
Family :	Forest snails (Cochlostomatidae)
Genre :	Cochlostoma
Subgenus :	Cochlostoma
Type :	Cochlostoma henricae
Scientific name
	Cochlostoma henricae
	( Strobel , 1851)

Cochlostoma henricae , also uncommonly known as the gray tower snail , is a terrestrial snail from the family of the forest snail (Cochlostomatidae), which belongs to the order Architaenioglossa .

features

The right-hand wound case measures 7.7 to 11.5 mm in height and 3.5 to 4.8 mm in width (8 mm × 3.6 mm). It is slender-tower-shaped and has 8½ to 9 (10) slowly increasing, slightly arched whorls. The first turns are evenly provided with strong ribs; these become weaker and irregular on the following turns. On the last turn there are only a few growth strips with wide, smooth areas in between. The last passage can form a blunt edge towards the mouth at the base. The base is slightly flattened. The navel is open. The last turn is greatly expanded. The mouth is almost round, the edge of the mouth is thickened and slightly curved outwards. This outer area is divided into an inner and an outer part. The inside of the mouth is thickened by a thick, white lip. The palate area is more or less colored brown. However, this thickening is often not completely closed. A weak sexual dimorphism can be seen in the housings: the whorls of the females are somewhat more arched. The housing is pale reddish to gray-brown in color, the surface is slightly shiny or appears slightly blue-gray frosted. There are no stains or ribbons.

The soft body is about 4 mm long and about 1 mm wide. It is dark gray to black, only the two antennae are light brown. The antennae are relatively short and blunt. There is one eye at the base of the antennae. In the males, the body-length penis sits behind the right antennae. The spermatic duct in the penis is very tortuous and pulls into the tip of the penis, where it ends in a porus. The radula shows three longitudinal rows. In the middle sits a massive rachis tooth, flanked by a strongly curved posterior tooth.

Similar species

The shells are similar to those of the small forest snail ( Cochlostoma septemspirale ). In the latter type, the whorls are significantly more arched and sloped more steeply under the seam.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The distribution area is limited to northern Italy (southern Alps) and southeast Austria (eastern Alps). The animals prefer to live on limestone rocks and are very resistant to drought. In the Eastern Alps, the species rises up to 2400 m above sea level.

Taxonomy

The taxon was first described by Pellegrino Strobel in 1851 as Pomatias Henricae . It was first assigned to the genus Cochlostoma by Wilhelm Kobelt in 1902 . Today the species is assigned to the subgenus Cochlostoma (Cochlostoma) . The fauna Europaea distinguishes four subspecies including the nominate subspecies, but a fifth subspecies still appears frequently in the literature:

Cochlostoma (Cochlostoma) henricae henricae (Strobel, 1851), the nominate subspecies. The case is reddish horn-colored to red-brown and has an indistinct gray-blue frosted appearance. The mouth rim is strongly reinforced and clearly divided into two parts. The case is 8.3 to 9.8 mm high and 4.0 to 4.4 mm wide, it has 8 to 9 whorls.
Cochlostoma (Cochlostoma) henricae huettneri (AJ Wagner, 1897): The housing is yellowish horn-colored and has three red-brown bands dissolved in spots. Alternatively, red-brown radial stripes are also available. The ribs are dense and distinct on the upper passages. The ribs become weaker towards the mouth. The mouth rim is only weakly divided into two. The mouth has a white lamella on the inside. The case is 6.5 to 8.4 mm high and 3 to 4 mm wide and has 8 whorls. In Upper Austria and Styria, the subspecies is restricted to the wider area of the Salzkammergut lakes . It occurs there from 500 to 2000 m above sea level.
Cochlostoma (Cochlostoma) henricae plumbeum (Westerlund, 1878): The housing is dark red-brown and has clear bluish tires. The division of the thickened mouth edge into two parts is only weakly pronounced. The case is 8 mm high and 3.6 mm wide and has 8 whorls. In Carinthia, the subspecies is restricted to the Gailtal Alps (around Hermagor ). It occurs there at 600 to 2400 m above sea level. The subspecies is not recognized by the fauna of Europaea.
Cochlostoma (Cochlostoma) henricae lissogyrum (Westerlund 1881). The case is almost smooth and only finely striped. The whorls are slightly arched and usually clearly angular at the seam. The case is 10 to 11 mm high and 3½ mm wide and has 9 to 10 whorls. The subspecies occurs near Trento .
Cochlostoma (Cochlostoma) henricae strigillatum (AJ Wagner, 1897). The casing is very strongly ribbed on the upper passages (the most strongly ribbed subspecies). The lower whorls are only streaked. The case is 9.3 mm high and 4.2 mm wide. The subspecies occurs in Belluno (northern Italy).

supporting documents

literature

Klaus Bogon: Land snails biology, ecology, biotope protection. Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990, ISBN 3-89440-002-1 , 404 pages (describes on p. 74: Cochlostoma henricae plumbeum (Westerlund, 1878)).
Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: molluscs (= Steinbach's natural guide 10). Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-570-03414-3 , 287 pages (p. 116).
Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. Paul Parey, Hamburg / Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 , 384 pages.
Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Planet Poster Ed., Göttingen 2012, ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 .

Individual evidence

^ Paul Mildner, Ursula Rathmayr: Red list of the molluscs of Carinthia (Mollusca). In: WEH Holzinger, Paul Mildner, T. Rottenburg, C. Wieser (eds.): Red lists of endangered animals in Carinthia. Nature conservation in Carinthia, 15, Klagenfurt 1999, pp. 643-662 ( PDF ).
^ Bogon (1990: p. 100).
↑ Kerney et al. (1983: p. 64).
↑ Pellegrino Strobel: Notizie sul malacostatiche Trentino. Pp. 1–117, Pavia, Fusi 1851 ( online at Google Books , p. 18).
^ Wilhelm Kobelt: The animal kingdom. A compilation and identification of the recent animal forms. 16. Delivery. Mollusca. Cyclophoridae. Friedländer, Berlin 1902, pp. I-XXXIX, pp. 1-662 ( online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org , p. 488).
↑ ^a ^b Fauna Europaea - Cochlostoma (Cochlostoma) henricae (Strobel 1851) .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Karl Edlinger, Paul Mildner: Monograph of the Prosobranch genus Cochlostoma living in Carinthia. In: Carinthia II. 169th year, Klagenfurt 1979, pp. 281–304 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
↑ Carl Agardh Westerlund: Fauna of the inland Conchylia living in the Palearctic region (Europe, Caucasia, Siberia, Turan, Persia, Kurdistan, Armenia, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Syria, Arabia, Egypt, Tripoli, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco). V. Fam. Succinidæ, Auriculidæ, Limnæidæ, Cyclostomidæ & Hydrocenidæ. Lund., Håkan Ohlsson 1885, pp. 1–135, pp. 1–14 ( online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org , p. 134).
^ Anton Josef Wagner (Antoni Jozef Wagner): Monograph of the genus Pomatias Studer. In: Memoranda of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, mathematical-scientific class. 64, Vienna 1897, pp. 565–632, plates 1–10 ( online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org , p. 572).