Coenopteridales

The division of living beings into systematics is a continuous subject of research. Different systematic classifications exist side by side and one after the other. The taxon treated here has become obsolete due to new research or is not part of the group systematics presented in the German-language Wikipedia.

In the order Coenopteridales some groups of early ferns were historically combined, which are now placed in other groups of ferns . The groups combined in the Coenopteridales came from the Devonian to the Permian .

features

Many representatives have megaphylls . a circinate vernation and sprouting roots. With some representatives the sporangia are on the leaves, with others the sporangia are unknown, or they are on non-planar leaf organs. The anatomy of the vascular bundles ranges from a protostele to later siphonosteles . Secondary xylem occurs in only one genus, Zygopteris .

Systematics

Fossils were placed in this order based on the following features: symmetry and histology of the leaf tracks, as well as the general morphology of the leaf fronds. The Coenopteridales have always been viewed as a heterogeneous group.

In 1964 Eggert distinguished four families within the Coenopteridales:

Stauropteridaceae, see Stauropteridales
Botryopteridaceae
Anachopteridaceae
Zygopteridaceae, see Zygopteridales

With new discoveries, especially structurally preserved fossils from France and North America, these groups became better known. Phillips (1974) in particular placed many taxa among the real ferns . Due to their dissimilarity to the real ferns, the Stauropteridaceae and Zygopteridaceae are listed as separate orders by Taylor, Taylor and Krings.

In contrast to this, Eberhard Fischer, following Kenrick and Crane (1997), lists the Coenopteridales as an order within a class of Cladoxylopsida. Fischer counts the following families and genera incertae sedis to order:

Stauropteridaceae
Rhacophytaceae, see Rhacophytales
Zygopteridaceae
Anachoropteris
Botryopteris
Dernbachia
Psalixochlaena
Sonapteris

supporting documents

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Thomas N. Taylor, Edith L. Taylor, Michael Krings: Paleobotany. The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants . Second Edition, Academic Press 2009, ISBN 978-0-12-373972-8 , p. 405.
↑ Wolfgang Frey, Eberhard Fischer, Michael Stech: Bryophytes and seedless Vascular Plants . In: Wolfgang Frey (Ed.): Syllabus of Plant Families - A. Engler's Syllabus of Plant Families . 13th edition. tape 3 . Borntraeger, Berlin / Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-443-01063-8 , pp. 323-327 .

[Taylor-1] Thomas N. Taylor, Edith L. Taylor, Michael Krings: Paleobotany. The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants . Second Edition, Academic Press 2009, ISBN 978-0-12-373972-8 , p. 405.

[Syllabus-2] Wolfgang Frey, Eberhard Fischer, Michael Stech: Bryophytes and seedless Vascular Plants . In: Wolfgang Frey (Ed.): Syllabus of Plant Families - A. Engler's Syllabus of Plant Families . 13th edition. tape 3 . Borntraeger, Berlin / Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-443-01063-8 , pp. 323-327 .