Cohors II Nerviorum

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Cohors II Nerviorum [civium Romanorum] ( German  2nd cohort of the Nervier [the Roman citizens] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions and a brick stamp.

Name components

  • II : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the second ( Latin secunda ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors secunda ...
  • Nerviorum : the Nervier . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the Nervier tribe in the Roman province of Gallia Belgica when the unit was established .
  • civium Romanorum : the Roman citizen. The soldiers of the unit had been granted Roman citizenship at one point in time. However, this did not apply to soldiers who were accepted into the unit after this point in time. They received Roman citizenship only with their honorable farewell ( Honesta missio ) after 25 years of service. The addition appears in an inscription.

Since there are no references to the additions to the name milliaria (1000 men) and equitata (partially mounted), it can be assumed that it is a Cohors quingenaria peditata , a pure infantry cohort. The nominal strength of the unit was 480 men, consisting of 6 Centuries with 80 men each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the province of Britannia . It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 98-145.

The unit may have been relocated to the province of Britannia around 71 under Quintus Petillius Cerialis . The first evidence in Britain is based on a diploma dated 98. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Forces in Britannia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 122 to 145, prove unity in the same province.

The last evidence of unity is based on an inscription dated 215/216.

Locations

Cohort locations in Britain may have been:

  • Bremenium (High Rochester): an inscription was found here. It was built by vexillations of the Cohors IIII Gallorum and the Cohors II Nerviorum .
  • Brocolitia (Carrawburgh): an inscription was found here. It was built from a vexillation of the Cohors II Nerviorum .
  • Epiacum ( Whitley Castle ): three inscriptions have been found here.
  • Segedunum ( Wallsend ): an inscription was found here.
  • Vindolanda (Chesterholm): two inscriptions and a brick with the stamp of unity were found here.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

Others

See also

Web links

literature

  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ inscription with civium Romanorum ( RIB 1202 ).
  2. ^ A b John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 207-208, 220.
  3. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 157 Table 1 ( PDF ).
  4. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 98 ( CIL 16, 43 ), 122 ( CIL 16, 69 ), 124 ( CIL 16, 70 ), 127 ( RMD 4, 240 , ZPE-162-225 ), 130/131 ( ZPE-156- 246 ) and 145 ( CIL 16, 93 ).
  5. ↑ Dave Went and Stewart Ainsworth: Whitley Castle Tynedale, Northumberland. An archaeological investigation of the Roman fort and its setting English Heritage NGR: NY 6949-4868 ISSN 1749-8775 89-2009, pp. 17-18 ( PDF ).
  6. ↑ Inscription ( RIB 1203 ).
  7. ^ Inscription from Bremenium ( RIB 3491 ).
  8. ^ Inscription from Brocolitia ( RIB 1538 ).
  9. ↑ Inscriptions from Epiacum ( RIB 1198 , RIB 1202 , RIB 1203 ).
  10. ↑ Inscription from Segedunum ( RIB 1303 ).
  11. ^ Inscriptions from Vindolanda ( AE 2010, 791 , RIB 1683 ).
  12. ^ Bricks from Vindolanda : stamp C II NERV ( AE 2010, 797 ).