Cohors I Pannoniorum (Germania)
The Cohors I Pannoniorum [veterana] [pia fidelis] [equitata] ( German 1st cohort of the Pannonians [the veterans] [loyal and loyal] [partially mounted] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions and brick stamps.
Name components
- Pannoniorum : the Pannonian . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the various tribes of the Pannonians in the area of the Roman province of Pannonia when the unit was established .
- veterana : the veteran. The addition occurs in military diplomas from 101 to 161.
- pia fidelis : loyal and loyal. Domitian (81-96) gave the Roman armed forces in Germania inferior who remained loyal to him after the suppression of the uprising of Lucius Antonius Saturninus the honorary designation pia fidelis Domitiana . The addition occurs in the military diploma of 110.
- equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry.
Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors quingenaria equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.
history
The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Germania inferior , Moesia superior and Dacia . It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 98-165.
The unit was already stationed in Germania in pre- Flavian times , as shown by tombstones found in Aquae Mattiacorum and Bingium . It is documented for the first time in 98 in Germania inferior by a diploma . In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Germania ) that were stationed in the province. Another diploma, dated 101, proves unity in the same province.
At an unspecified point in time, the cohort was moved to Moesia superior , presumably to take part in Trajan's Dacer wars . The first evidence of unity in the province is based on a diploma dated 103/105. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated 103/106 to 103/107, prove unity in the same province.
After that, the unit appears temporarily in the province of Dacia , where it is first evidenced by a diploma dated 109. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Dacia ) that were stationed in the province. Another diploma, dated 110, proves unity in the same province.
At an unspecified point in time, the cohort was transferred back to Moesia superior , where it is again evidenced by diplomas dated 135 to 165.
Locations
Locations of the cohort in Germania were possibly:
- Aquae Mattiacorum ( Wiesbaden ): An inscription was found here.
- Bingium ( Bingen am Rhein ): Two inscriptions were found here.
Locations of the cohort in Moesia Superior may have been:
- Tricornium ( Ritopek ): Bricks marked COH I PAN were found here.
Members of the cohort
The following members of the cohort are known:
Commanders
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Others
Further cohorts with the designation Cohors I Pannoniorum
There were five other cohorts with this designation, see Cohors I Pannoniorum .
See also
- List of Roman auxiliary units
- Roman forces in Dacia
- Roman armed forces in Germania
- Roman forces in Moesia
literature
- Jan Kees Haalebos : Traian and the auxiliary troops on the Lower Rhine A military diploma from AD 98 from Elst in the Over-Betuwe (Netherlands) In: Saalberg Jahrbuch , 2000/50, pp. 31-72 ( online ).
- Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004 ( PDF ).
- John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4
- Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296 ( online ).
- Paul A. Holder : Exercitus Pius Fidelis: The Army of Germania Inferior in AD 89 In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik . Volume 128 (1999), pp. 237-250 ( PDF ).
Remarks
- ↑ Paul A. Holder assumes that the cohort received the pia fidelis award for their participation in the suppression of the uprising of Lucius Antonius Saturninus . Jan Kees Haalebos does not rule this out, but considers it possible that the award was bestowed by Trajan during the Second Dacian War .
- ↑ The scenario given here follows the explanations of Jörg Scheuerbrandt , Paul A. Holder and Jan Kees Haalebos. It is based on a single cohort stationed in these provinces. John Spaul, on the other hand, assumes two different cohorts that were stationed in these provinces.
Individual evidence
- ^ Paul A. Holder , Exercitus, pp. 237, 243, 247-250.
- ^ A b c John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 315-316, 333-334, 336.
- ↑ Jörg Scheuerbrandt , Exercitus, pp. 158, 164, 169 Tables 2, 8, 11 (PDF pp. 160, 166, 171).
- ↑ Military diplomas of the years 98 ( RMD 4, 216 ), 101 ( RMM 9 ), 103/105 ( ZPE-194-223 ), 103/106 ( RMM 13 ), 103/107 ( CIL 16, 54 ), 109 ( RMD 3, 148 ), 110 ( CIL 16, 163 ), 135 ( ZPE-203-227 ), 137 ( ZPE-194-236 ), 151 ( RMM 31 ), 152/161 ( ZPE-192-234 ), 157 ( AE 2008, 1744 , AE 2008, 1747 , RMM 37 , ZPE-165-237 ), 158/159 ( RMD 5, 419 ), 159 ( CIL 16, 111 ), 160 ( ZPE-192-233 ), 161 ( RMD 1, 55 ) and 165 ( CIL 16, 120 ).
- ↑ Jan Kees Haalebos , Traian, pp. 45-46.
- ↑ a b Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu, Alae et Cohortes, p. 290.
- ↑ Inscription ( CIL 13, 7582 )
- ↑ Inscriptions ( CIL 13, 7510 , CIL 13, 7511 )
- ^ Brick stamp ( AE 1913, 174 )