Cohors I Pannoniorum (Germania)

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The Cohors I Pannoniorum [veterana] [pia fidelis] [equitata] ( German  1st cohort of the Pannonians [the veterans] [loyal and loyal] [partially mounted] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions and brick stamps.

Name components

  • Pannoniorum : the Pannonian . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the various tribes of the Pannonians in the area of ​​the Roman province of Pannonia when the unit was established .
  • veterana : the veteran. The addition occurs in military diplomas from 101 to 161.
  • pia fidelis : loyal and loyal. Domitian (81-96) gave the Roman armed forces in Germania inferior who remained loyal to him after the suppression of the uprising of Lucius Antonius Saturninus the honorary designation pia fidelis Domitiana . The addition occurs in the military diploma of 110.
  • equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry.

Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors quingenaria equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Germania inferior , Moesia superior and Dacia . It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 98-165.

The unit was already stationed in Germania in pre- Flavian times , as shown by tombstones found in Aquae Mattiacorum and Bingium . It is documented for the first time in 98 in Germania inferior by a diploma . In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Germania ) that were stationed in the province. Another diploma, dated 101, proves unity in the same province.

At an unspecified point in time, the cohort was moved to Moesia superior , presumably to take part in Trajan's Dacer wars . The first evidence of unity in the province is based on a diploma dated 103/105. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated 103/106 to 103/107, prove unity in the same province.

After that, the unit appears temporarily in the province of Dacia , where it is first evidenced by a diploma dated 109. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Dacia ) that were stationed in the province. Another diploma, dated 110, proves unity in the same province.

At an unspecified point in time, the cohort was transferred back to Moesia superior , where it is again evidenced by diplomas dated 135 to 165.

Locations

Locations of the cohort in Germania were possibly:

Locations of the cohort in Moesia Superior may have been:

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known:

Commanders

  • Tiberius Claudius Agrippa, a prefect

Others

  • Scenus, a soldier ( CIL 13, 7511 )
  • Licaius, a soldier ( CIL 13, 7582 )
  • Valerius Valens, a foot soldier: the diploma of 165 was issued to him.

Further cohorts with the designation Cohors I Pannoniorum

There were five other cohorts with this designation, see Cohors I Pannoniorum .

See also

literature

  • Jan Kees Haalebos : Traian and the auxiliary troops on the Lower Rhine A military diploma from AD 98 from Elst in the Over-Betuwe (Netherlands) In: Saalberg Jahrbuch , 2000/50, pp. 31-72 ( online ).
  • Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004 ( PDF ).
  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4
  • Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296 ( online ).
  • Paul A. Holder : Exercitus Pius Fidelis: The Army of Germania Inferior in AD 89 In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik . Volume 128 (1999), pp. 237-250 ( PDF ).

Remarks

  1. ↑ Paul A. Holder assumes that the cohort received the pia fidelis award for their participation in the suppression of the uprising of Lucius Antonius Saturninus . Jan Kees Haalebos does not rule this out, but considers it possible that the award was bestowed by Trajan during the Second Dacian War .
  2. ↑ The scenario given here follows the explanations of Jörg Scheuerbrandt , Paul A. Holder and Jan Kees Haalebos. It is based on a single cohort stationed in these provinces. John Spaul, on the other hand, assumes two different cohorts that were stationed in these provinces.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Paul A. Holder , Exercitus, pp. 237, 243, 247-250.
  2. ^ A b c John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 315-316, 333-334, 336.
  3. ↑ Jörg Scheuerbrandt , Exercitus, pp. 158, 164, 169 Tables 2, 8, 11 (PDF pp. 160, 166, 171).
  4. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 98 ( RMD 4, 216 ), 101 ( RMM 9 ), 103/105 ( ZPE-194-223 ), 103/106 ( RMM 13 ), 103/107 ( CIL 16, 54 ), 109 ( RMD 3, 148 ), 110 ( CIL 16, 163 ), 135 ( ZPE-203-227 ), 137 ( ZPE-194-236 ), 151 ( RMM 31 ), 152/161 ( ZPE-192-234 ), 157 ( AE 2008, 1744 , AE 2008, 1747 , RMM 37 , ZPE-165-237 ), 158/159 ( RMD 5, 419 ), 159 ( CIL 16, 111 ), 160 ( ZPE-192-233 ), 161 ( RMD 1, 55 ) and 165 ( CIL 16, 120 ).
  5. ↑ Jan Kees Haalebos , Traian, pp. 45-46.
  6. ↑ a b Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu, Alae et Cohortes, p. 290.
  7. ↑ Inscription ( CIL 13, 7582 )
  8. ↑ Inscriptions ( CIL 13, 7510 , CIL 13, 7511 )
  9. ^ Brick stamp ( AE 1913, 174 )