Cohors I Claudia Sugambrorum Tironum

The Cohors I Claudia Sugambrorum Tironum [equitata] ( German 1st cohort the Claudian of the Sugambrers of the recruits [partly mounted] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and an inscription. In most military diplomas it is referred to as Cohors I Sugambrorum Tironum , in the inscription ( CIL 3, 600 ) as Cohors I Syngambrum .

Name components

Claudia : the Claudian. The addition occurs in the military diplomas of 111, 153 and 156/157.

Sugambrorum : the Sugambrer . When the unit was established, the soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the Germanic Sugambrer tribe in the Roman province of Germania .

Tironum : the recruit ( Latin Tiro recruit, newcomer, beginner). According to John Spaul , the addition served to distinguish the unit from the Cohors I Claudia Sugambrorum Veterana , which was stationed in the provinces of Moesia and Moesia Inferior at the same time .

equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition does not appear anywhere, but since the association under the leadership of Marcus Valerius Lollianus is a cavalry division of the Alae and cohorts in Syria, this is considered certain.

Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors (quingenaria) equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Moesia , Moesia Inferior and Syria . It is listed on military diplomas for the years 69/79 to 156/157 AD.

The first evidence of unity in the province of Moesia is based on a diploma dated 69/79. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated from 75 to 116, prove the unity in the same province (or from 92 in Moesia Inferior ).

The cohort was probably moved from Moesia Inferior to Syria after the Parthian War of Trajan , at the latest under Hadrian . The first evidence of unity in Syria is based on a diploma dated 153. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman forces in Syria ) that were stationed in the province. Another diploma, dated 156/157, proves unity in the same province.

A vexillation of the cohort took part in the Parthian War of Lucius Verus (161–166). It is listed in the inscription ( CIL 3, 600 ) as part of the units that were under the direction of Marcus Valerius Lollianus . The inscription says that Lollianus was the commander in Mesopotamia over sections of selected riders of the Alen [..] and the cohorts .

Locations

The locations of the cohort are not known.

Members of the cohort

Members of the cohort are not known.

Further cohorts with the designation Cohors I Claudia Sugambrorum

There was another cohort, the Cohors I Claudia Sugambrorum Veterana . She is documented by military degrees from 75 to 157 and was stationed in the provinces of Moesia and Moesia Inferior .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c Peter Weiß : The auxiliaries of the Syrian army from Domitian to Antoninus Pius. An interim balance after the new military diplomas In: Chiron Communications of the Commission for Ancient History and Epigraphy of the German Archaeological Institute Volume 36 (2006), pp. 249-298, here pp. 273-275, 277-278, 286-287, 293.

↑ ^a ^b Rudolf Haensch , Peter Weiß: A difficult way. The road construction inscription by M. Valerius Lollianus from Byllis. In: Communications from the German Archaeological Institute. Roman department . Volume 118, 2012, pp. 435-454, here pp. 441-442, and pp. 448-449 ( online ).

↑ John Spaul: Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4 , page 234 , 246

^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 166, 172 tables 9, 14 ( PDF, p. 168, 174 ).

↑ Military diplomas of the years 69/79 ( EDCS 7 ), 75 ( Chiron-2008-270 , Chiron-2009-506 ), 78 ( Chiron-2008-319 , CIL 16, 22 , RMD 4, 208 , ZPE-173-237 ), 92 ( ZPE-148-269 ), 97 ( RMD 3, 140 ), 99 ( ZPE-192-215 ), 105 ( AE 2004, 1256 , RMM 11 ), 111 ( RMD 4, 222 ), 116 ( AE 2006, 1863 ), 153 ( Chiron-2006-267 ) and 156/157 ( CIL 16, 106 ).

[pw-1] Peter Weiß : The auxiliaries of the Syrian army from Domitian to Antoninus Pius. An interim balance after the new military diplomas In: Chiron Communications of the Commission for Ancient History and Epigraphy of the German Archaeological Institute Volume 36 (2006), pp. 249-298, here pp. 273-275, 277-278, 286-287, 293.

[rh-2] Rudolf Haensch , Peter Weiß: A difficult way. The road construction inscription by M. Valerius Lollianus from Byllis. In: Communications from the German Archaeological Institute. Roman department . Volume 118, 2012, pp. 435-454, here pp. 441-442, and pp. 448-449 ( online ).

[jsp-3] John Spaul: Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4 , page 234 , 246

[js-4] Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 166, 172 tables 9, 14 ( PDF, p. 168, 174 ).

[MD-5] Military diplomas of the years 69/79 ( EDCS 7 ), 75 ( Chiron-2008-270 , Chiron-2009-506 ), 78 ( Chiron-2008-319 , CIL 16, 22 , RMD 4, 208 , ZPE-173-237 ), 92 ( ZPE-148-269 ), 97 ( RMD 3, 140 ), 99 ( ZPE-192-215 ), 105 ( AE 2004, 1256 , RMM 11 ), 111 ( RMD 4, 222 ), 116 ( AE 2006, 1863 ), 153 ( Chiron-2006-267 ) and 156/157 ( CIL 16, 106 ).