Colonization Association from 1849 in Hamburg
The Colonization Association of 1849 was founded in Hamburg in 1849 . The aim of the association was to move German emigrants to Brazil . For this purpose a colony should be founded and built up.
prehistory
The company for the promotion of emigration to the southern provinces of Brazil
Brazil was a Portuguese colony until 1815, and in 1822 the son of the Portuguese king declared independence. In 1827 the Hamburg lawyer Karl Sieveking had already signed a trade agreement for the Hamburg merchants in Rio de Janeiro. Since the Hamburg merchants reacted sensitively when Bremen merchants managed to get a head start, their predominance in the emigration business to North America was a thorn in their side. A hint from Syndikus Karl Sieveking on March 30, 1846 that the Bremen Senate intended to extend its feelers towards South America prompted a series of activities. After the beginnings could still be kept secret, in the late autumn of 1846 a "Society for the promotion of emigration to the southern provinces of Brazil" was founded with the aim of moving into an area that was roughly twelve times the size of the former area of Hamburg colonize the provinces of Rio Grande or Santa Catharina . Among the sponsors were the companies Chr. Matth. Schröder & Co , CJ John's Sons , Ross, Vidal & Co , Rob. M. Sloman , AJ Schön & Sons , A. Abendroth , u. a. Adolph Schramm was sent to Rio de Janeiro for negotiations. These negotiations dragged on for various reasons. On June 30, 1847, Karl Sieveking, the strong supporter of this project, died. This and the general political situation in Germany led to the fact that the "Society for the Promotion of Emigration to the Southern Provinces of Brazil" disintegrated in the autumn of 1847 without a sound.
history
In the spring of 1846 Hermann Blumenau had already traveled to Brazil with the help of the “Society for the Promotion of Emigration to the Southern Provinces of Brazil” . The contact might have come about through Johann Eduard Wappäus . Hermann Blumenau was the author of a publication entitled "German Emigration and Colonization", which Johann Eduard Wappäus annotated and published in 1846 as Professor of Geography without naming his name. Blumenau had used reports and assessments by Johann Jakob Sturz (1800–1877), who had campaigned for the abolition of slavery from his own perspective. From 1843 Sturz became the Brazilian consul for Prussia. Hermann Blumenau had only served society for a short time. In 1848 he returned to Germany to recruit settlers. In 1850 he founded his own settlement.
In 1849 the situation in Brazil had changed. The Prince of Joinville had received large estates in the province of Santa Catarina as a dowry from his wife Francisca from her father Dom Pedro . The Hamburg merchants had already had an eye on this in 1846. The negotiations had stalled at the time because the prince, as the son of the French king, did not want to do extensive business with Hamburg = German merchants. In the February Revolution of 1848 , the French King Louis-Philippe I was ousted and fled to England. The Prince of Joinville then resumed negotiations. The enthusiasm among Hamburg merchants was subdued. Only the company Chr. Matth. Schröder & Co with their owners and Adolph Schramm constituted the "Colonization Association of 1849 in Hamburg". Friedrich Validzow and Ernst Merck later joined the association.
The projected site was smaller than the one planned three years earlier. The association committed itself to settle a fixed number of colonialists every year. Slave labor was explicitly excluded. The colony was named "Dona Francisca" in honor of the Princess of Joinville. The first city should be called “ Joinville ”. Shares were issued to finance the project. The money was to be used to create squares on which settlers could build houses that would then form the town of Joinville. The magazine Die Grenzbote printed a report by the director Franz Benno Moritz von Frankenberg (1818–1882) of the colony. The settlement increased by 1812 members from 1851 to 1855. At this point the capital of the Colonization Association was almost exhausted. It is not known who raised the necessary amount. The company Chr. Matth. Schröder & Co had to cease their business in 1857 because they were affected by the great trade crisis. Instead, the Brazilian government took over paying the colonialists bonuses. Johann Jakob von Tschudi's travel report in 1867 described the great difficulties and adversities at the beginning, but gave a positive outlook. In 1870 the colony had 6,500 and in 1880 18,000 settlers.
The "Colonization Association of 1849 in Hamburg" existed until 1897 and was then combined with the "Hanseatic Colonization Society".
literature
chronologically
- Percy Ernst Schramm : The project of a German settlement colony in southern Brazil, started in 1846, got stuck in 1847 . In: Nine Generations: Three Hundred Years of German “Cultural History” in the light of the fate of a Hamburg bourgeois family (1648–1948) . tape 2 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1964, p. 120-139 .
- Percy Ernst Schramm: New, this time realized Brazil projects (resumed in 1849) . and proof of the efficiency of the private initiative. In: Nine Generations: Three Hundred Years of German “Cultural History” in the light of the fate of a Hamburg bourgeois family (1648–1948) . tape 2 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1964, p. 182–196 (to Dona Francisca Colony ).
- Heinrich Kreplin : Correspondence from the Dona Francisca colony, Brazil . In: Wilhelm Koner (Ed.): Journal of the Society for Geography in Berlin . tape 17 . Dietrich Reimer, Berlin 1872, p. 235–243 ( digizeitschriften.de ).
- Johann Jakob von Tschudi : Visit of the colonies of the province of Santa Catharina . In: Traveling through South America . tape 3 . FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1867, p. 350 [368] -372 ( digitized version ).
- Ludwig von Alvensleben : The German Colonie Dona Francisca in Brazil . The most advantageous point for German emigrants. CA Haendel, Leipzig 1854 ( usp.br [PDF]).
- RJ Miltenberg: The German colony Dona Francisca in the southern Brazilian province of Santa Catharina . Represented from authentic sources and the latest reports. Ms. Schneider, Berlin 1852 ( uni-hamburg.de ).
- W. Hühn: Communications concerning the German colony Dona Francisca, in the southern Brazilian province of Sta. Catharina . In: Communications Colony . tape 1 . Thiele, Hamburg 1852, urn : nbn: de: gbv: 46: 1-7091 .
- The Hamburg Colonization Society from 1849 . In: Gustav Freytag, Julian Schmidt (ed.): The border messengers . Journal for politics, literature and art. tape 1 . Friedrich Ludwig Herbig, Leipzig 1852, p. 227–232 ( uni-bremen.de ).
- [Hermann Blumenau]: German emigration and colonization . Ed .: Johann Eduard Wappäus. Hinrich'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1846 ( digitized version - Blumenau is the author of pages 1–59, Wappäus the other pages).
Web links
- Johannes van Kampen: Hamburg-Joinville. 2011, accessed March 16, 2017 .
Remarks
- ^ Brazil and the free Hanseatic cities of Lübeck, Bremen and Hamburg. Trade and shipping treaty concluded at Rio de Janeiro on November 17, 1827 . In: Diplomatic Archive for Contemporary and State History . tape 17 . JG Cotta, ZDB -ID 2792887-1 , p. 121 ff . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Percy Ernst Schramm, p. 130
- ↑ For years, his father Georg Heinrich Wappäus had successfully traded with the states of South America as a Hamburg merchant shipping company.
- ↑ Die Grenzbote p. 229ff