Conger eels

Conger eels
Conger eels ( Congridae )
Systematics
Class : Ray fins (Actinopterygii) Subclass : Neuflosser (Neopterygii) Subclass : Real bony fish (Teleostei) Cohort : Elopomorpha Order : Eel-like (Anguilliformes) Family : Conger eels
Scientific name
Congridae
Gill , 1861

The conger eels (Congridae) are a family from the order of the eel-like (Anguilliformes). It consists of the quite different subfamilies Congeraale (Congrinae), Bathymyrinae and the almost sessile living tube eels (Heterocongrinae). Conger eels live from shallow water to the deep sea.

features

All conger eels are scaly and have a gap that extends far behind the eye. Most species have pelvic fins .

Fossil record

The first Meeraale are fossil in layers of the upper chalk of Lebanon with the genus Enchelion known. Pavelichthys comes from the lower Oligocene of the northern Caucasus . An important site is the Monte Bolca formation in northern Italy , which arose from Tethys deposits in the Eocene . The conger eels Bolycus and Voltaconger were described from it. The recent conger eels of the genus Conger have been found in fossils from Europe, North America and New Zealand since the Eocene .

Ariosoma balearicum

Conger cinereus

Conger conger

Heteroconger hassi

Systematics

There are three subfamilies, 32 genera and about 160 species.

• Bathymyrinae : rays of the dorsal and anal fin not segmented, pectoral fins well developed, posterior nostrils at medium eye level.
  • Ariosoma Swainson, 1838
  • Bathymyrus Alcock, 1889
  • Chiloconger Myers & Wade, 1941
  • Kenyaconger Smith & Karmovskaya, 2003
  • Parabathymyrus Kamohara, 1938
  • Paraconger Kanazawa, 1961
  • Poeciloconger Günther, 1872
  • Rostroconger Smith, 2018
• Congrinae : The dorsal and anal fin rays are segmented, pectoral fins are well developed, posterior nostrils at or above medium eye level.
  • Acromycter Smith & Kanazawa, 1977
  • Bassanago Whitley, 1948
  • Bathycongrus Ogilby, 1898
  • Bathyuroconger Fowler, 1934
  • Blachea Karrer & Smith, 1980
  • Conger Bosc, 1817
  • Congrhynchus Fowler, 1934
  • Congriscus Jordan & Hubbs, 1925
  • Congrosoma Garman, 1899
  • Diploconger Kotthaus, 1968
  • Gavialiceps Alcock, 1889
  • Gnathophis Kaup, 1860
  • Japonoconger Asano, 1958
  • Lumiconger Castle & Paxton, 1984
  • Macrocephenchelys Fowler, 1934
  • Paruroconger Blache & Bauchot, 1976
  • Promyllantor Alcock, 1890
  • Pseudophichthys Roule, 1915
  • Rhynchoconger Jordan & Hubbs, 1925
  • Scalanago Whitley, 1935
  • Uroconger Kaup, 1856
  • Xenomystax Gilbert, 1891
• Tube eels (Heterocongrinae): rays of the dorsal and anal fin not segmented, pectoral fins tiny or absent.
  • Gorgasia Meek & Hildebrand, 1923
  • Heteroconger Bleeker, 1868

Individual evidence

1. ^ Karl Albert Frickhinger: Fossil Atlas of Fishes . Mergus-Verlag, Melle, 1999, ISBN 3-88244-018-X
2. ↑ Smith, DG (2018): A new genus and species of congrid eel from the Philippines (Anguillliformes: Congridae: Bathymyrinae). Zootaxa, 4454 (1): 78-83.

literature

• Joseph S. Nelson, Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7
• Kurt Fiedler, Textbook of Special Zoology, Volume II, Part 2: Fish , Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6

Web links

Commons : Conger eels  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Conger eels on Fishbase.org (English)