Bullheads

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Bullheads
Bullhead (Cottus gobio)

Bullhead ( Cottus gobio )

Systematics
Spinefish (Acanthopterygii)
Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae)
Order : Perch-like (Perciformes)
Subordination : Cottoidei
Partial order : Bull relatives (Cottales)
Family : Bullheads
Scientific name
Cottidae
Bonaparte , 1832

The bullheads (Cottidae) are a family of bony fish. They live in the cold fresh waters of the northern continents, most of the species endemic to the Siberian Lake Baikal . Only the genus Leptocottus occurs in the sea on the coast of the northern Pacific. Most of the numerous other marine genera that were originally counted among the bullheads were transferred to the family of the thick-headed bullheads (Psychrolutidae) in a revision of the terracotta system . In contrast, the bullheads of Lake Baikal, which originally belonged to independent families (Abyssocottidae, Comephoridae and Cottocomephoridae), were placed in the bullhead family.

The bullhead ( Cottus gobio ) is one of the best-known and native species . Other species that occur in Germany are the Scheldtroppe ( Cottus perifretum ) and the Rheingroppe ( Cottus rhenanus ).

features

Bullheads have a stocky, scaly body that tapers sharply at the back. The large head is often flattened, partially armored and has spikes. Adults do not have a swim bladder . The eyes are usually large and set high on the head, there is a lateral line organ . The ventral fins , which lie far forward, are supported by one hard and two to five soft rays. Bullheads have two dorsal fins and are 6 to 46 ( Leptocottus armatus ) inches long. The Branchiostegalmembranen have grown together at the isthmus .

Genera and species

There are 18 genera and 107 species.

Cephalocottus nozawae
Cottopsis asper
Trachidermus fasciatus
Uranidea cognatus
Phylogenetic system of bullheads according to Kinziger et al. 2005:
  Bullheads  







 Baikal clade


   

 Uranidea



   

 C. beldingii , C. leiopomus , C. greenei



   

 Cottus



   

 Cottopsis



   

 C. hangiongensis , C. poecilopus , C. pollux , C. reini



   

 Cephalocottus



   

 Leptocottus


   

 Rheopresbe




Template: Klade / Maintenance / Style
Large Baikal oilfish, drawing from Brehm's animal life .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c W. Leo Smith & Morgan S. Busby: Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Sculpins, Sandfishes, and Snailfishes (Perciformes: Cottoidei) with Comments on the Phylogenetic Significance of their Early-Life-History Specializations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, July 8, 2014, doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2014.06.028
  2. ↑ Ricardo Betancur-R, Edward O. Wiley, Gloria Arratia, Arturo Acero, Nicolas Bailly, Masaki Miya, Guillaume Lecointre and Guillermo Ortí: Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes . BMC Evolutionary Biology, BMC series - July 2017, DOI: 10.1186 / s12862-017-0958-3
  3. ^ Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7
  4. ↑ Leptocottus armatus on Fishbase.org (English)
  5. ↑ Andrew P. Kinziger, Robert M. Wood, David A. Neely: Molecular Systematics of the Genus Cottus (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae). Copeia , 2005 (2): 303-311. 2005. doi: 10.1643 / CI-03-290R1
  6. ↑ Goto, A., Yokoyama, R., Kinoshita, I. & Sakai, H. (2019): Japanese catadromous fourspine sculpin, Rheopresbe kazika (Jordan & Starks) (Pisces: Cottidae), transferred from the genus Cottus. Environmental Biology of Fishes, November 2019.
  7. ↑ Species list of the former Abyssocottidae family at Fishbase
  8. ↑ List of species of the former Comephoridae family at Fishbase
  9. ↑ Species list of the former Cottocomephoridae family at Fishbase

Web links

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