Crawford Castle
Crawford Castle is a ruined castle on the north bank of the Clyde , about half a mile north of the village of Crawford in the Scottish administrative division of South Lanarkshire . The ruins stand on the earthwork of an earlier moth . Formerly the castle to its former owners, the was Clan Lindsay , Lindsay Tower called. The castle was strategically located on the road from England to the upper Clyde Valley.
history
Excavations northwest of the castle ruins showed that there was a Roman fort with a garrison of perhaps 300 men from 80 AD to 170 AD at this point.
This location was the administrative center of the Crawford Barony, then the largest and most influential barony in southern Scotland. The barony was founded before 1100; Sources from this period show Thor Longus as Lord of Crawford. The family name "Crawford" of the original lords of the barony came from this line. Crawford Castle existed as early as 1175 and was apparently built as a wooden castle on earthwork some time before the Crawford Castle.
The Lindsay family inherited half of the barony of Crawford, called Crawford Parish , in 1215 by marrying the younger daughter of Sir John Crawford , who died in 1246 with no male heirs. The Crawford family kept the other half, called Crawfordjohn Parish , as the barony had been divided under the Crawford family four generations earlier. Crawford Castle is in Crawford Parish . The Carmichael clan from Meadowflat had previously served as hereditary constables of the castle; they kept this office under the later owners.
In 1398 King Robert II proposed David Lindsay to be Earl of Crawford . On St. George's Day, April 23, 1390, he had earned great merits for his bravery when he dueled with the Englishman John de Welles, 5th Baron Welles , on London Bridge , after Baron Welles apparently fell out at a banquet in Edinburgh Influence of alcohol when the Champion of England exclaimed, “Don't let words speak; if you know the chivalry and brave deeds of the English: tell me a day and a place where you are and you will find out. "
When Jacob IV ascended the throne in 1498, the barony of Crawford was transferred to Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus , as his father, King James III. , against the rebellion of the young prince had supported. The Earls of Angus held the castle until 1578, when the young King James V took it back from them. King Jacob used Crawford Castle as a hunting lodge until his death in 1542. His mistress, Elizabeth Carmichael , was the daughter of the hereditary constable.
After 1542 the barony was returned to the Earls of Angus. The hereditary constable of the Carmichaels ended in 1595. In 1633 the 11th Earl of Crawford was appointed Marquess of Douglas and the castle was probably rebuilt afterwards. Then it fell to the Duke of Hamilton and was sold to Sir George Colebrooke in the 18th century . After serving as a farmhouse for a while, it was abandoned at the end of the 18th century. Most of their building blocks were used to build Crawford Castle Farm . Four stone tablets with coats of arms, one with the year 1648, were built into the west and south walls of Crawford Castle House.
ruins
The early earthworks of Crawford Castle consist of an approximately 5 meter high mound with a surrounding moat and a castle courtyard of approximately 45 meters by 33 meters in area southwest of it. On the mound are the remains of a curtain wall that enclosed an area of around 20 meters by 20 meters. It probably dates from the end of the 16th or beginning of the 17th century. A building line on the southwest side of the castle was probably built around the same time. This tower-like building line had three floors and an attic; the first floor had a vaulted ceiling and a protruding fireplace. To the south-east of it, a second building line was connected later in the 17th century, in which there were larger rooms and larger windows. The well-visible arched recess in the east wall suggests that there was some one-story building there that protruded from the main block. Most of the ruins that have survived to this day probably originate from the renovation of the Marquess of Douglas in the 17th century.
Crawford Castle was placed on a list of architectural monuments by the Ministry of Works under the Ancient Monuments Consolidation and Amendment Act of 1913. Today it is a Scheduled Monument and Historic Scotland has listed it as a Category B Historic Building. The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland lists a castle or moth on the site.
Individual references and comments
- ↑ a b c Entry on Crawford Castle in Canmore, the database of Historic Environment Scotland (English)
- ^ National Monuments Record of Scotland; Cited therein: George Vere Irving, A. Murray: (1864), The Upper Ward of Lanarkshire Described and Delineated . 3v. Glasgow 1864. pp. 81-82, 106; The New Statistical Account of Scotland . 15v. Edinburgh 1845. Volume 6 (Lanark). P. 331.
- ↑ Sir John Crawford's elder daughter married a descendant of the Douglas family .
- ^ Blaeu Atlas of Scotland . 1654, p. 61.
- ^ Ronald Wells: Ancient Ancestors with Modern Descendants . 7th edition. Pp. 400-409 , 700-709 . Retrieved June 9, 2017.
- ↑ T. MacGibbon, D. Ross: The castellated and domestic architecture of Scotland from the twelfth to the eighteenth centuries, Mercat Press, Edinburgh 1887-1892. P. 227.
swell
- Martin Coventry: The Castles of Scotland . 3. Edition. Goblinshead, 2001.
- George Crawfurd: Peerage of Scotland, Account of Nobility . George Stewart, Paisley 1716.
- George Crawfurd: The History of the Shire of Renfrew . Alexander Weir, Glasgow 1782.
- Maurice Lindsay: The Castles of Scotland , Constable, 1986.
- Gordon Mason: The Castles of Glasgow and the Clyde . Goblinshead, 2000.
- Mike Salter: The Castles of South West Scotland . Folly Publications, 1993.
Web links
Coordinates: 55 ° 28 ′ 27.5 " N , 3 ° 39 ′ 22.8" W.