Cubburo
Cubburo ( Sicilian "cuburru") is the name of a type of building made of dry masonry with false vaults , which predominantly occurs in the Parco dei Nebrodi in Sicily . They can be found in the municipalities of Floresta , Montalbano Elicona (Mount Castellazzo), Raccuja , Roccella Valdemone , San Piero Patti (Taffuri district) and Tripura. The Cubburi - the name is of Arabic origin and means scales - have tholos, cube or cube shape, but are mostly round in plan.
description
This type of building is found there mainly in the pasture areas at an altitude of about 850 to 1350 m as shepherds' huts on gentle slopes. They are built without mortar from quartz sandstone extracted from the area and have a diameter of up to about 3.5 m, of which about one meter is accounted for by the walls.
In contrast to similar tholos-shaped cantilevered vaulted structures made of dry stone, such as the Pagghiaru on Mount Etna or the Trullo in Apulia , the false vault of a Cuburro is not conical, but hemispherical. A capping stone rests on each top of the dome.
Starting from the base, the stones are arranged with a slight, successively increasing slope towards the outside so that no water penetrates. The construction ends up with a pseudo dome, a Kraggewölbeform is that during the Arab had been taken dominion over Sicily (827-1091) to. The entrance often consists of a trilith . In some cases it is low and narrow. The structures are of different heights. The oldest were small, but over time the larger Cubburi were expanded into apartments. Over the centuries construction technology changed in part, but the structure remained similar to the first solid buildings that were able to withstand weather, fire or other disasters. They were built from the megalithic era to the early 20th century.
During the megalithic period, burials were made in the preform of the Cubburi instead of in dolmens . Due to the problems with the structural implementation, the dead were then buried under piles of stones. Tholos tombs were built later because it was easy to find the necessary materials. In addition, simple structures were built that were used as refuge.
Cross section with retaining wall (Rinfianco)
Cross-section without retaining wall (Rinfianco)
Top view
See also
literature
- Gerhard Rohlfs : Primitive domed buildings in Europe (= Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Philosophical-Historical Class. Treatises. NF 43, ISSN 0005-710X ). Publishing house of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Munich 1957.