Dard (people)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Dard are an ethnic group found mainly in northern Pakistan , northwestern India and eastern Afghanistan . They mainly speak Dardian languages . The largest groups are found in the Gilgit – Baltistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa regions in Pakistan. The Dard, also called Brokpa , Drokpa and Shin , are a minority in the Indian union territory of Ladakh .

origin

Asko Parpola equates "Proto-Dardiscc" with "Proto Rigvedic " and suggests that the Dard descendants of the Porotorigvedic culture, referring to certain appearances in Dardic dialects and certain properties of the Vedic language , such as the gerund in -tvī .

As members of the Swat Empire , the Dard mainly followed Hinduism and numerous small Islamic religious wars against them are likely to have been common.

religion

The majority of the Dard are Muslim . The exception is a small group in the polytheistic Chitral district in Pakistan. The religion of the Dard in Ladakh, particularly in the villages of Da and Hann , still shows pre-Buddhist animistic elements in the Bon religion. The polytheistic tribes in Chitral are officially protected by the government of Pakistan.

Social position

Since 2001 the Dard in Ladakh have been recognized as a " Scheduled Tribe ".

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Annexure - Ib, List of notified Scheduled Tribes, The Constitution (Jammu & Kashmir) Scheduled Tribes Order, 1989 and The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Act, 1991 . Census of India: Government of India. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
  2. ^ Asko Parpola: The formation of the Aryan branch of Indo-European. In: Blench and Spriggs (eds.): Archeology and Language III. London / New York 1999, p. 189.
  3. ↑ a b Inam-ur-Rahim, Alain M. Viaro: Swat: an Afghan society in Pakistan. Urbanization and change in tribal environment . City Press, 2002, ISBN 978-969-8380-55-7 ( books.google.com - During Swati rule. The pre-Islamic faith of the dards was the Kalash faith which survives today in Northern Pakistan.).
  4. ^ The India Magazine of Her People and Culture . tape 14 . AH Advani, Bombay 1993 ( books.google.com - = Dardic religion in Ladakh, particularly in the villages of Da and Hann, retains marked traces of the pre-Buddhist animistic religion, Bon-chos).