Daxi (state)
Daxi ( Chinese 大西 , Pinyin Dàxī , W.-G. Ta-hsi ; 1644-1646) was a rule founded by Zhang Xianzhong , the leader of an armed peasant uprising , at the end of the Ming Dynasty in Sichuan . The uprising took place at the end of the Chongzhen era (1628–1644) of the last Ming ruler, Ming Sizong (r. 1627–1644). In 1643 the troops first occupied Wuchang and Zhang Xianzhong was proclaimed "King of the Great West" ( Daxi wang ), in the following year he was proclaimed emperor in Chengdu, in the largely conquered Sichuan. Sun Kewang , Li Dingguo , Liu Wenxiu and Ai Nengqi were his four highest generals (or "adopted sons").
The state had Chengdu as the «western capital» ( Xijing ), the first (and only) era name was Dashun. The rule was ended by the Qing Army after only three years , and Zhang Xianzhong was killed in early 1647.
Many people were killed in the uprising and it is said to have left great devastation. Zhang Xianzhong is considered one of the greatest butcher in Chinese history.
Li Dingguo (1621–1662) and Sun Kewang in the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou south of Sichuan later surrendered to the Yongli emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty .
History
In the same year 1644, Li Zicheng ascended the throne in Xi'an , named the state Dashun and the rule Yongchang.
The Prince of Gui ( Gui wang ) ascended the throne of the Southern Ming Dynasty ( Nan Ming ) in Guangzhou (Canton) in November 1646 , the first (and only) era name was Yongli.
literature
- Florian C. Reiter : The Temple Mount Ch'i-ch'ü in the province of Szechwan, in China today . Königshausen and Neumann, Würzburg 1993, ISBN 3-88479-810-3 .
- Pamela Kyle Crossley, Helen F. Siu, Donald S. Sutton: Empire at the margins. Culture, ethnicity, and frontier in early modern China (= Studies on China. Vol. 28). University of California Press, Berkeley CA 2006, ISBN 1-59875-924-8 .
Reference books:
- Cihai ("Sea of Words"), Shanghai cishu chubanshe, Shanghai 2002, ISBN 7-5326-0839-5
See also
- Zhang Xianzhong
- Southern Ming Dynasty
- Yongli (Zhu Youlang)
- Li Dingguo
- Sun Kewang
- Liu Wenxiu
- Ai Nengqi
- Dashun (Zhang Xianzhong)
- Dashun (state)
- Yongchang (Li Zicheng)
- Yongli
Web links
- Bronze seal used in military camp by Zhang Xianzhong
- Coins inscribed with "Dashun Tongbao" and "Yongchang Tongbao"
- Daxi Boqiying dudufu Liu jinyuebei 大西 駮 骑 营 都督府 刘 禁 约 碑
- Shi shang sharen ziduo de shi da shixue tufu 史上 杀人 最多 的 十大 嗜血 屠夫 (The ten greatest butcher in history)
- Li Dingguo (1621-1662)