Deng Zhongxia

Deng Zhongxia

Deng Zhongxia ( Chinese  鄧 中 夏  /  邓 中 夏 , Pinyin Dèng Zhōngxià , W.-G. Teng Chung-hsia ; * 1894 in Yizhang , Hunan ; † September 21, 1933 in Nanjing ) was one of the founding members of the Chinese Communist Party and was one of the most successful Communist propagandists at the grassroots level.

Deng was the son of a landlord in Hunan. He first received a Confucian school education, later he came to the teacher training college of Hunan Province in Changsha , where he made friends with Mao Zedong , among others . In 1917, he entered the Faculty of Chinese Literature at Peking University with the aim of becoming a statesman. One of his professors was Li Dazhao , who brought Deng into connection with Marxist ideas. Deng actively participated in the May 4th Movement.

Deng was one of the organizers of the communist cell in Beijing and co-founded the Communist Party. In 1922 he became a non-permanent member of the Executive Committee of the Communist Party, later of the Politburo . Deng was also an important leader of the labor movement: after the May 4th Movement, he founded an evening school for railroad workers, and on May 18, 1925, he was one of the founders of the National General Workers Union (中華全國總工會) alongside Zhang Guotao Based in Guangzhou , Deng became its secretary. A little later he became a member of the Executive Committee of the Farmers Union of the Whole Province of Guangdong (廣東 全省 農民 協會). He led several strikes in the coal mines and on the railroad and started a political campaign for the introduction of labor legislation. In 1925 he was one of the leaders of the Canton Hong Kong strike , he was deputy to Su Zhaozheng , the chairman of the strike committee. He wrote the first detailed report on the Chinese labor movement to the Comintern .

From 1925 Deng stayed in Moscow for two years. On his return he became political commissar of the 2nd Army Corps of the Red Army . After a military defeat, he lost this post to Xia Xi and was sent to Shanghai by the party. There he was arrested in 1933 and executed in Yuhuatai ( Nanjing ) in September 1933 .

literature

• Têng, Chung-hsia: Beginnings of the Chinese Labor Movement, 1919–1926 , translation by Werner Meißner and Günther Schulz, Reinbek 1975

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} James Z. Gao: Historical dictionary of modern China (1800-1949) . Scarecrow Press, Lanham 2009, ISBN 978-0-8108-4930-3 , pp. 96-97 .
2. ↑ Dieter Kuhn : The Republic of China from 1912 to 1937 - Draft for a political history of events . 3. Edition. Edition Forum, Heidelberg 2007, ISBN 3-927943-25-8 , p. 262 .
3. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 144 .
4. ↑ Dieter Kuhn : The Republic of China from 1912 to 1937 - Draft for a political history of events . 3. Edition. Edition Forum, Heidelberg 2007, ISBN 3-927943-25-8 , p. 322-323 .

Note: This article places the family name before the person's first name. This is the usual order in Chinese. Deng is the family name here, Zhongxia is the first name.