The cinematograph
| The cinematograph
|
|
|---|---|
| description | German film magazine |
| publishing company | Scherl Publishing House |
| Headquarters | Berlin |
| First edition | January 6, 1907 |
| attitude | March 30, 1935 |
| Frequency of publication | weekly, from 1928 daily |
| ZDB | 575137-8 |
The Kinematograph was the first German film magazine, which appeared from 1907 to 1935. The magazine was published by Eduard Lintz, Düsseldorf , until 1923 , after which it was published by August Scherl .
history
In 1890, Eduard Lintz, a publisher from Düsseldorf, acquired the musician and artist magazine Der Artist , published by Karl Kraus , which became world-famous. From January 6, 1907, Lintz published the first magazine for film and cinema technology in German-speaking countries, Der Kinematograph . The first edition was preceded in December 1906 by a four-page sample number, which announced the first edition in January. The magazine initially appeared with a length of twelve pages and was attached to the artist . The first years are still considered important documents of cultural history today. (The booklets of the Kinomatograph are completely accessible in the University Library of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf ).
As one of the earliest film periodicals , the 'first specialist journal for all of the art of photography', as it is called in the subtitle, was aimed at a specialist audience of film distributors, cinema operators and producers and saw itself as representing the interests of the German film industry. There were high-quality articles on film theory and aesthetics and practical issues in the film industry such as legal and censorship issues as well as technical innovations. In addition, categories such as 'Official regulations for cinematographic screenings in the individual cities', 'Technical communications and patents', 'From practice', 'Zig-zag' - communications about the use of the film in various situations, and 'Mailbox' appeared . Of particular interest in the early years were the police regulations on fire safety , which were not uniformly regulated. It was also noteworthy that foreign-language articles by foreign experts were printed. Later film reviews were also written. In later editions a part of the program was added and many advertisements and advertisements, some of which made up more than half, so that the volume reached up to 70 pages.
Gustav Melcher and Hermann Häfker were among the early authors . Already in 1908 the journalist and later film functionary Alfred Rosenthal became editor at the cinematograph , for whom he reported in 1910 from Constantinople on the development of the film in Turkey , Serbia , Hungary and Bulgaria .
After the sudden death of the previous editor-in-chief Emil Perlmann in 1923, Rosenthal took over his position and shaped the paper like no other. He modernized its appearance and placed the emphasis on film criticism. From then on he wrote the film-political leading article in the cinematograph every week . While he wrote his reviews as a film critic, especially in the film echo , he was the first cinematographer to appear as an author in the major publications in the industry. The aim was to promote the opening of the German market to the international film trade. Rosenthal programmatic: "We want to be a representative body of industry at home and abroad."
In the same year the publisher got into economic difficulties due to the inflation and sold the magazine to the Scherl-Verlag , which at that time belonged to the national conservative Hugenberg group . In 1927, the group took over UFA - Universum Film AG , which increasingly called the journalistic independence of the specialist magazine into question.
Due to strong competition, the magazine appeared daily from June 1928 (except on Sundays). In 1931 the special edition 25 Years of Cinematograph was published .
After the takeover of the Nazis were Jewish employees dismissed early 1,933th The last edition for which Rosenthal was responsible appeared on March 31, 1933, a few days after Goebbels' programmatic speech on National Socialist film policy at the Berlin Kaiserhof . As part of the " Gleichschaltung" , the entire film industry was subordinated to the Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda from March 1933 , which aimed at restructuring the film industry. Of over 100 production companies that had been active in the Weimar Republic between 1930 and 1932 , only one company remained in 1942 - the state-owned Ufi Group (UFA-Film GmbH). This eliminated a large part of the advertisements that had financed the cinematograph , so that the magazine was discontinued in 1935. The last issue appeared in March 1935 with a cover story for the world premiere of Leni Riefenstahl's Triumph of Will “in the presence of the Führer ”.
Rosenberg emigrated to Paris in 1933 and made several stops in Prague with the aim of emigrating to England , which however did not succeed. He was deported from the Theresienstadt ghetto to Riga on August 20, 1942 , and murdered on arrival.
reception
As part of a film-scientific research project on socio-economic aspects of film at the Humboldt University in Berlin from 1998 to 2000, Anja Schwanhäußer and Boris Hars-Tschachotin systematically analyzed the film magazine Der Kinematograph from 1916–1932 under the direction of Wolfgang Mühl-Benninghaus . This resulted in an extensive chronological list of keywords on the topics covered by the magazine.
Web links
- Eduard Lintz publisher bookseller
- Film magazines in the text archive of the German Film Institute
- Helmut D. Diederichs: Early history of German film theory. Their origins and development up to the First World War . Habilitation, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 1996, published 2001, PDF , p. 21 ff.
Individual evidence
- ^ Alfred Rosenthal: The cinema in the Orient . In: Der Kinematograph , No. 190, August 17, 1910, pp. 89 ff.
- ^ Pioneer of film journalism: The cinematograph . In: Program January 2007 German Film Museum . 2007, p. 7.
- ↑ Anja Schwanhäußer, Boris Hars-Tschachotin: The cinematograph online. Articles 1916–32. Institute for Musicology and Media Studies - Humboldt University Berlin, accessed on January 8, 2017 .