Dipeptides
Linear dipeptide (example: Ser - Ala ) with the N -terminal amino acid L -serine (left) and the blue- marked C -terminal amino acid L -alanine (right).
A dipeptide is a chemical compound that is composed of two amino acid residues and can be split into two amino acids by hydrolysis . There is a peptide bond between the two amino acid residues of the linear dipeptide . In contrast, cyclic dipeptides contain two peptide bonds.
The dipeptides belonging to the oligopeptides are formed as intermediate products in the enzymatic controlled digestion of proteins (polypeptides). The enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase works here . Dipeptidases break them down into amino acids.
The Bergmann Azlactone Synthesis is a classic organic synthesis for the production of dipeptides.
Examples of dipeptides:
- Glycylglycine (Gly-Gly)
- Carnosine : - (β-alanyl- L -histidine) - comes in increased concentration in muscle tissue and in the brain before
- Anserine : - (β-alanyl N -methylhistidin) - in the skeletal muscle and in the brain of mammals discovered
- Homoanserin : - ( N - (4-aminobutyryl) - L -histidine) - identified in the muscle and brain of mammals
- Kyotorphin : - ( L -Tyrosyl- L -arginine) - a neurophysiologically active dipeptide that is involved in the regulation of pain in the brain
- Balenine (also Ophidine): - (β-Alanyl- N -Tau-methylhistidine) - identified in the muscles of various mammalian species such as B. in humans and chickens
- Berettin : - (Cyclo - [(6-bromo-8-en-tryptophan) -arginine]) - a cyclic dipeptide that could be isolated from the Geodia barretti sponge
Individual evidence
- Max Bergmann et al .: Liebig's Annals of Chemistry. 449, 1926, p. 277.
- Axel Kleemann , Jürgen Martens , Marc Samson and Wolfgang Bergstein: Asymmetric Synthesis of Peptides. Synthesis 1981, pp. 740-741.