Dipsocoridae

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Dipsocoridae
Species of the genus Cryptostemma; female

Species of the genus Cryptostemma ; female

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Subclass : Flying insects (Pterygota)
Order : Schnabelkerfe (Hemiptera)
Subordination : Bed bugs (heteroptera)
Partial order : Dipsocoromorpha
Family : Dipsocoridae
Scientific name
Dipsocoridae
Dohrn , 1859

The Dipsocoridae are a family of bedbugs (Heteroptera) within the suborder Dipsocoromorpha . About 51 species are known. There are 8 species in Europe, including three in Central Europe.

features

The animals are 2 to 3 millimeters long and have a rather flattened, elongated, dark brown-colored body, which looks similar to the free-living Cimicoidea . The forewings sometimes have a gray tinge.

The conical head is directed forward and tilted slightly downwards. The four-membered labium is thick and does not extend beyond the hips ( coxes ) of the front legs. The first link is well developed, the other links are about the same length. The pronotum does not have a clearly recognizable collar. The proepisternum has receded, the joint of the hips of the front legs is exposed. The scutellum is large. In the bugs wing dimorphism is developed. There are macroptere (fully winged) individuals and moderately brachyptere, whose wings have receded. The forewings are tegminal ; their membrane is only characterized by the absence of wing veins and not, as is usually the case with most bedbugs, clearly divided into corium and membrane. As a rule, the costalader is notched so deep that the notch almost reaches the medialader. In macropter animals, point eyes ( ocelli ) are always formed. In the antennae , the first two links are short and thick, the other two are thread-shaped and have fine, long hair. The nymphs have a scent gland opening between the third to seventh tergum of the abdomen. As in the Stemmocryptidae, the scent glands on the metapleurs have an organ of evaporation. The legs are relatively thick. The tarsi have the formula 3: 3: 3, 2: 2: 3 or 2: 2: 2. In the adults , the pretarsi have a single parempodium. The number of stigmas on the abdomen is reduced. There are species in which spiracles are formed on the third to eighth, fourth to eighth or fourth to seventh abdominal segment. The ventral side of the abdomen is dense with flowers. In the males, the abdomen and genitals are highly asymmetrical. In contrast to the other families of the Dipsocoromorpha, the abdomen is directed to the left. In extreme cases, all but the first abdominal segment can be affected by the asymmetry. The membranous ovipositor has regressed in females .

The olfactory gland openings with evaporation organ on the metathorax and the asymmetry of the male genitalia are autapomorphies of the family, although the first characteristic also occurs in Stemmocryptidae.

Occurrence

The family is common worldwide but is absent in New Zealand. The animals colonize moist areas in gravel sandbanks of clear rivers and rarely lakes. There they live under stones. The species of the genus Cryptostemma colonize habitats that are regularly flooded. The bugs survive this for a long time, either by breathing plastron or protected in an air bubble.

Way of life

The animals feed on small arthropods as unspecific predators . But they have also been observed eating the carrion of these animals. If they are disturbed, they react immediately by fleeing and trying to dig into the ground, or jumping up together and flying away. They are nimble runners.

Taxonomy and systematics

The name Dipsocoridae Dohrn, 1859 is actually based on the previous synonym Dipsocoris Haliday and was later replaced by the name Cryptostemmatidae McAtee & Malloch, 1925. Nevertheless, due to its popularity in the relevant circles, the original name is still accepted and is used accordingly.

According to Reuter's definition (1891), the family also included the Ceratocombidae and the Schizopteridae , which he ultimately spun off as independent families in 1910.

According to Schuh & Slater, two genera and three sub-genera are assigned to the family, according to another opinion there are five genera. Schuh & Slater names the following categories:

The following species occur in Europe:

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Family Dipsocoridae. Australian Biological Resources Study. Australian Faunal Directory, accessed January 1, 2014 .
  2. ↑ a b Dipsocoridae. Fauna Europaea, accessed January 2, 2014 .
  3. ^ Ekkehard Wachmann , Albert Melber, Jürgen Deckert: Bugs. Volume 4: Pentatomomorpha II: Pentatomoidea: Cydnidae, Thyreocoridae, Plataspidae, Acanthosomatidae, Scutelleridae, Pentatomidae. (=  The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life . 81st part). Goecke & Evers, Keltern 2008, ISBN 978-3-937783-36-9 , pp. 15 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Schuh & Slater: True Bugs of the World p. 78f.

literature

  • RT Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1995.