Dmitri Andreevich Fahrensbach

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Dmitri Andrejewitsch Fahrensbach ( Russian Дмитрий Андреевич Францбеков , Dmitri Andrejewitsch Franzbekow ; † 1657 ) was the Russian governor in Jaransk , Vyatka and Jakutsk .

Life

Dmitri Fahrensbach came from the German-Baltic Fahrensbach family . He left Polish for Russian service in 1613 , converted to Orthodoxy in 1627 and was accepted into the Russian nobility in the same year .

Before he was baptized according to the Orthodox rite, his name is said to have been Alfer , perhaps a form of Wolmar . It is commonly assumed that he comes from the Walck family.

In April 1630 Dmitri Fahrensbach became voivode in Jaransk. In the spring of 1633, Tsar Michael sent him to Sweden with diplomatic tasks. For this task he was lavishly decorated by the tsar, so he was accompanied by 34 servants. His tasks included, in addition to contacts with the Swedish administration on Poland or questions relating to the Tatars, among other things, the transmission of information about the German theater of war to Moscow. He submitted his reports to the Tsar in an encrypted form. In 1635, for example, the Swedish government reacted in favor of Russian traders because of the protectionism of the Estonians who had become Swedish in the salt trade. Fahrensbach had used this before. However, there were incidents and complaints in Sweden about the sometimes provocative behavior of the Russian delegation. A Swede was killed in a physical attack. On October 26, 1636, Dmitri Fahrensbach was finally ordered back to Moscow .

Once there, he was assigned to the Danish Prince Waldemar , the future husband of the Tsar's daughter Irina. The task assigned to him consisted, among other things, of converting Waldemar to Orthodoxy. Although Fahrensbach was attested to sincere efforts and intelligent argumentation, he failed. The marriage was canceled; the Danish prince held in Moscow until the death of the tsar (1645). From 1642 to 1643 Dimitri Fahrensbach was voivode of Vyatka.

The eastern expansion of the tsarist empire was meanwhile making rapid progress; Yakutsk was founded in 1632, the headquarters of the East Siberian administration was located there as early as 1642, and in 1648 Fahrensbach became a voivode there. Here he was extremely busy. Fahrensbach sent ivory (from walruses or fossil mammoths), ore samples, sables and other noble furs to Moscow. Fahrensbach overwintered in Ilimsk in the winter of 1648/1649. From there he sent 200 game shooters to Wercholentz as relief. The Ostrog was besieged by Buryats , so the uprising could be suppressed. However, his connection with Erofei Khabarov , who made contact with him in Ilimsk in 1649, was decisive . Fahrbach supported Khabarov's advance to the Amur in 1649/1650, partly financed from his own resources, with equipment, food and cannons. The successes under the governorate of Dmitri Fahrensbach in the Russian expansion and the colonization of Eastern Siberia as well as in the establishment of trade are undisputed. However, he was also said to have badly mismanaged for his own benefit, as well as the oppression of the indigenous population , which he is said to have paid a heavy toll. The allegations range from bribery and embezzlement of wages to robbery and looting of merchants. As a result, Fahrensbach was recalled in August 1651, but apparently remained in office until April 1652.

During this time, various scenarios for military relief were discussed and partly initiated to secure the Armur area, partly even to expand the expansion to America. Once, in March 1652, it was a dragoon regiment with 1,500 men, and again, in April 1652, there was talk of 2,000 Strelizos . These troops could no longer reach Fahrensbach, an officer was sent to Yakutia to carry out an inspection. He confiscated Fahrensbach's extensive property, which was valued at 12,000 rubles. Dmitri Fahrensbach was brought to Moscow, where he died in 1657.

literature

  • Georg von Rauch: Studies on the relationship between Russia and Europe . Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1964, pp. 91-93.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ A. Soom: The Policy of Sweden Regarding the Russian Merchanting through the Estonian Cities in the Years 1636–1656. In: Õpetatud Eesti Seltsi toimetused. Volume 32, 1940, p. 82.
  2. ^ Johann Eberhard Fischer: Siberian history. Volume 2, Edition 2, 1768, pp. 732, 797
  3. ↑ Martin Welke: Russia in German Journalism of the 17th Century (1613–1689) . In: Research on Eastern European History. Werner Philipp on his 70th birthday. On commission from O. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, issue 23-25, 1976. p. 256
personal data
SURNAME Fahrensbach, Dmitri Andrejewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Францбеков, Дмитрий Андреевич (Russian); Franzbekow, Dmitri Andrejewitsch
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian governor
DATE OF BIRTH 16th century or 17th century
DATE OF DEATH 1657