Dmitri Wassiljewitsch Volkov

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dmitry Vasilyevich Volkov ( Russian Дмитрий Васильевич Волков , Ukrainian Дмитро Васильович Волков Dmytro Volkov Wassyljowytsch ; English transcription Dmitry Vasilievich Volkov; * 3. July 1925 in Leningrad , † 5 January 1996 in Kharkiv ) was a Soviet - Ukrainian theoretical physicist who was one of Founder of supersymmetry and supergravity is.

life and work

Volkov was drafted as a soldier from 1943 to 1946 and served on the Karelian Front and in the Far East, where he was seriously wounded. From 1947 he studied at the Leningrad State University , where he studied with Vladimir Fock and Vladimir Ivanovich Smirnov , among others , and from 1951 at the University of Kharkiv , where he studied with Alexander Achijeser among others (and worked on quantum electrodynamics ), graduated in 1952 and received his PhD in 1956. After that he was at the Institute of Physics and Technology in Kharkiv . In 1967 he completed his habilitation (Soviet doctorate). Volkov was at CERN several times for a long time , first in 1962 with a Soviet delegation, which also included Isaak Jakowlewitsch Pomeranschuk . With Pomeranschuk he had regular intensive scientific contact in the Soviet Union on visits to Moscow, but otherwise worked in Kharkiv for a long time in a rather isolated manner.

In 1959 he introduced parastatistics as a generalization of fermion and boson statistics. In the 1960s he dealt with Regge Pole Theory ( Regge Pole Conspiracy with Gribow ) and also in the late 1960s with the early string theory (dual model). He applied group theoretical methods in elementary particle physics ( hadron resonances ) and solid state physics (spin waves).

The idea of ​​supersymmetry came to him, who, according to his own statements, was interested in symmetry groups in physics at an early stage, on the one hand from a comparison with SU (3) multiplets containing particles with half-number and whole-number isospins (similar to supersymmetry multiplets with particle half - and integer spins), on the other hand from reading Werner Heisenberg's book about his unified field theory, in which the idea of ​​fermions (neutrinos) appeared as Goldstone particles . In 1972, like Yuri Abramowitsch Golfand and Yevgeny Lichtman (Likhtman) in Russia at the same time, he developed supersymmetry with his doctoral student Vladimir Akulov and in 1973 the local form of supersymmetry with Vyacheslav Soroka in the form of supergravity, where he was the super partner of graviton, gravitino First introduced Spin 3/2. The idea of ​​supergravity was only taken up in the West in 1976.

In 1988 he became a member of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences . He died in Kharkiv in 1996.

He was an Honored Scientist of Ukraine and a holder of the Order of the Red Labor Banner .

literature

  • Julius Wess , V. Akulov (Ed.): Supersymmetry and Quantum Field Theory . Springer, 1998 (Volkov Memorial Volume)
  • Volkov: Supergravity before 1976 . In: Harvey Newman, Thomas Ypsilantis: History of Original Ideas and Basic Discoveries in Particle Physics . Plenum Press, 1996 (Erice Lectures), arxiv : hep-th / 9410024
  • Interview by Volkov in G. Kane, M. Shifman (Eds.): The supersymmetric world: the beginnings of the theory . World Scientific, 1988, Oral History Interview
  • Volkov: Supergravity before and after 1976. The Story of Goldstonions . In: Concise Encyclopedia of Supersymmetry and Noncommutative Structures in Mathematics and Physics . 2005 Springer, p. 6-9.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ At the end of the 1940s, his theory group in Leningrad was disbanded in connection with the Leningrad trials , which also had an impact on leading academics at the university.
  2. ↑ Oral History Interview, see literature
  3. ↑ Werner Heisenberg : Introduction to the unified field theory of elementary particles . Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart 1967. The Russian translation was published in 1968
  4. ↑ Goldstone particles from spontaneous symmetry breakage were previously only known as bosons of spin 0, and Heisenbergs could not justify their appearance correctly in his theory. In his oral history interview, Wolkow mentions the influence of ideas from Julian Schwinger (who first introduced Grassmann variables into quantum field theory) and Élie Cartan , whose differential geometric ideas he used in the development of the differential geometry of superspaces, from a formal point of view in the development of supergravity .
  5. ↑ Akulov, Volkov. In: Physics Letters B , Volume 46, 1973, p. 109
  6. ↑ Volkov, Soroka: Higgs effect for Goldstone particles with spin 1/2 , JETP Letters, Volume 18, 1973, pp. 312-314, online , Russian edition: Pis'ma v ZhETF, Volume 18, 1973, p. 529– 523
  7. ↑ Volkov, Soroka, Gauge field symmetry with spinor parameters , Theor. Math. Phys., Vol. 20, 1974, pp. 829-834
  8. ↑ Entry on Dmytro Wassyljowytsch Wolkow in the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine ; accessed on October 9, 2019 (Ukrainian)
personal data
SURNAME Volkov, Dmitri Wassiljewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Волков, Дмитрий Васильевич (Russian); Волков, Дмитро Васильович (Ukrainian); Volkov, Dmytro Wassyljowytsch
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet-Ukrainian theoretical physicist
DATE OF BIRTH July 3, 1925
PLACE OF BIRTH Leningrad , Soviet Union
DATE OF DEATH 5th January 1996
Place of death Kharkiv , Ukraine