Dobrocin (Małdyty)
Dobrocin (German: Groß Bestendorf ) is a Polish village within the rural municipality of Małdyty in the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship with approx. 950 inhabitants.
geography
Dobrocin is eight kilometers east of the main town Małdyty (Maldeuten) , on 519 Voivodeship Road . This also leads after eight kilometers to the next largest city Morąg (Mohrungen) . Dobrocin station is located on the Olsztyn – Elbląg line (Allenstein – Elbing) . Dobrocin is in the north of the Eylauer Seeplatte on the edge of a forest area of 25 km². In the local area is the 6.18 km² Röthloff lake.
history
As part of the settlement activities of the Teutonic Order , the later so-called Groß Bestendorf village was created around 1260 near the old trade route from Marienburg to Elbing . The addition "large" shows that it was a German settlement. Two kilometers to the northeast is the older Slavic settlement Klein Bestendorf (Kozia Wólka). Groß Bestendorf was granted Kulmer rights by the Commander of Elbing . Until the beginning of the 16th century, the place was under the rule of the Teutonic Order , which was replaced by the Duchy of Prussia in 1525 after its secularization . The administrative administration was done initially by the Oberländischer Kreis. After the Prussian administrative reform of 1815, the Groß Bestendorf estate was incorporated as an independent administrative unit into the newly formed Mohrungen district. At that time, 176 people belonged to the estate. The number of residents increased after the connection to the Allenstein - Mohrungen railway in 1883 to 1346 in 1885. In 1874, the district of Groß Bestendorf was formed within the framework of the Prussian district order , including seven rural communities and three manor districts. In 1910, 629 inhabitants were counted for the Groß Bestendorf estate. On September 30, 1928, the manor districts Groß Bestendorf and Klein Bestendorf merged to form the new rural community Alt Bestendorf. On January 24, 1930, the district was also renamed Alt Bestendorf, to which now the rural communities Alt Bestendorf, Groß Wilmsdorf and Samrodt belonged. At that time, the rural community Alt Bestendorf had about 560 inhabitants. The population sank to 509 by 1939. Towards the end of the Second World War , Alt Bestendorf was overrun by the Red Army in February 1945 . After the war ended, the place came under Polish administration and was initially renamed Świętogóry, and in 1946 Dobrocin.
Ownership and structure of the property
The von Wilmsdorf family is known as the first landlord in the 14th century . She built the first manor house in 1530. In 1753, Imperial Count Friedrich Ludwig I, Count Truchseß zu Waldburg-Capustigall (* 1711; † 1777) acquired the estate, which his heirs resold in 1792 to Chamber President Ludwig Friedrich von Domhardt (* 1745; † 1814). The von Domhardt family remained the estate owners of Bestendorf until 1945. In 1836 the succession was determined by the majorate . From 1876 the family called itself von der Goltz-Domhardt , the first bearer of the name was Siegfried Freiherr von der Goltz-Domhardt (* 1870, † 1945). During his lifetime, the estate had developed into a successful agricultural operation with an area of 5,435 hectares, 2,800 hectares of which were used for agriculture and 2,465 hectares for forestry. Trakehner were bred and over 2000 livestock were kept. The last landlord on Alt Bestendorf was Otto Freiherr von der Goltz-Domhardt (* 1904). On January 22, 1945, he fled two carriage wagons and three Trakehner state premium mares from the advancing Red Army. In 1945 the estate became the property of the Polish state.
manor
The first building, erected around 1530 and renovated in the 17th century, was converted into a neo-renaissance building in the 1840s on behalf of the von Domhardt family . The two-storey main building is decorated with a central projection on its long sides . A large veranda is placed in front of the eastern risalit. The facades are designed with six axes, the windows on the ground floor are framed with semi-arches, while the windows on the upper floor have a rectangular frame.
The eastern front is flanked by two single-storey short wing structures. Another longer extension has been added to the north wing to the west. A short tower tower rises in between. The stucco ceilings on the upper and lower floors, the wooden coffered ceilings and the terracotta floors were still in place at the beginning of the 21st century. A Mannerist fireplace and a classical, round, white tiled stove have survived from the earlier inventory . From 1946 an agricultural school was housed in the manor house. After a new school building was built on the grounds of the manor park in the 1970s, the manor house stood empty for many years. In 2001 the manor and park were sold to a private person.
literature
- Jackiewicz / Garniec: castles and manor houses in the former East Prussia . Studio Arta, Olsztyn 2001, ISBN 978-83-91-28403-2 , p. 97.
- Georg Dehio, Handbook of Art Monuments, West and East Prussia . Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1993, ISBN 3-422-03025-5 , p. 17.
Web links
- Portrait at ostpreussen.net
- Territorial development 1874–1945 at territorial.de
- Population 1910
- Population 1933
Coordinates: 53 ° 55 ' N , 19 ° 50' E