Drilliidae

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Drilliidae
Cymatosyrinx parciplicata from the Philippines

Cymatosyrinx parciplicata from the Philippines

Systematics
Superordinate : Caenogastropoda
Order : Sorbeoconcha
Subordination : Hypsogastropoda
Partial order : Neogastropoda
Superfamily : Conoidea
Family : Drilliidae
Scientific name
Drilliidae
Olsson , 1964
Clavus bilineatus from the Philippines
Clavus exasperatus from the Philippines
Bellaspira acclivicosta from Panama
Clavus lamberti from the Philippines
Drillia poecila from the Philippines

The drilliidae are monophyletic family of small to medium-sized, predatory of Vielborstern living body screw exclusively marin occur. For a long time they were counted as the subfamily Drilliinae to the family of slug snails within the superfamily Conoidea ( poisonous tongue ). They have a combination of extraordinary characteristics within this superfamily, so that in 1998 they were raised to an independent family.

features

The shell has a pointed, high-winding, turret-like shape, which for a long time was decisive for the position of the Drilliidae within the slug tower snails . Some types are conical or biconic in shape. The snail shell is usually 15-25 millimeters high and can reach up to 50 millimeters in some species. The siphon channel is short and truncated. This makes the opening appear U-shaped. The sculpture shows rather broad axial ribs with a smooth surface. The protoconch is usually paucispiral with up to two whorls, smooth or ribbed in the lower part.

Most species of the Drilliidae have a parietal callus , which is a reinforcement of the outer lip, which is likely an adaptation to life in the coral reef and under stones. Many genera also have a dorsal varix , a semi-cylindrical thickening of the posterior wall of the last turn, including Drillia , Imaclava, and Kylix . In the genus Clavus there are both species with a varix and others without this thickening. The genera Cymatosyrinx and Splendrillia have no varix . An operculum is always present and is formed from a peripheral core (nucleus).

The most noticeable feature of the family is the shortened radula with five teeth in each row ( Radula formula: 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1). Comb-like lateral denticles accompany the middle dentition on the right and left, but it can also be stunted or absent in some species. The marginal teeth are flat and slender. Despite their comparatively little derived radula, the snails each use a single tooth, which is detached from its original place on the radula and moved to the tip of the tongue in order to sting a prey and inject poison.

The foregut of the Drilliidae appears to have the least derived structure within the families of the Conoidea.

nutrition

As far as known, do like other original conoidea even with the drilliidae polychaete (Polychaeta) from much of the prey caught by lethal injection. The sometimes strong interspecific food competition of different snail species of the conoidea or other worm-eating predatory snails with a very large diversity of the many- bristles is related to a large variety of snails with specializations in certain prey animals.

Systematics and taxonomy

The genera of the Drilliidae were transferred by Henry and Arthur Adams in their 1858 work on molluscs from the subfamily of slug snails (Turridae), then known as Clavatulinae , to the subfamily Turrinae. The shape of the operculum was decisive for this regrouping , as it has a peripheral and not a central nucleus, as in the Clavatulinae. In 1942 Powell described a new subfamily called Clavinae, in which he placed all species with a U-shaped sinus and a parietal callus . Morrison put the shortened radula in the foreground as the main feature and coined the name Drilliinae for the representatives of the subfamily. This designation became the valid name for the group after a decision by the ICZN , since the name Clavinae was already occupied by cnidarians from the Hydractiniidae family , named after the genus Clava . Finally, in 1993, the Drilliinae were raised to an independent family.

Genera

There are currently 35 recent genera within this family.

As of March 14, 2016

The genus Decoradrillia was newly established in 2016 and contains Fenimorea halidorema as well as four species newly described in 2016.

Fusiturricula Woodring, 1928 and Cruziturricula Marks, 1951 do not belong to the Drilliidae because of their special form of the radula, but could be the sister group of this family. For the time being, however, they were left in this family during the revision in 2011.

Austroclavus Powell, 1942 with mostly fossil forms, was formerly in this family, but has not yet been assigned to any family within the superfamily Conoidea. Brachytoma Swainson, 1840 and Sediliopsis Petuch, 1988 were placed in the family Pseudomelatomidae .

Synonyms

  • Clavicantha Swainson, 1840, Eldridgea Bartsch, 1934 Tylotia Melvill, 1917 and Tylotiella Habe, 1958 are synonyms of Clavus Montfort, 1810.
  • Brephodrillia Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932 was synonymous with Iredalea WRB Oliver, 1915.
  • Fusisyrinx Bartsch, 1934 is a synonym of Fusiturricula Woodring, 1928. The latter genus is only provisionally in the family Drilliidae.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi (eds.): Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47, pp. 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN  0076-2997 ISBN 3-925919-72-4
  2. ↑ a b c J. D. Taylor, YI Kantor & AV Sysoev: Foregut anatomy, feeding mechanisms, relationships and classification of the Conoidea (= Toxoglossa) (Gastropoda) . Bulletin of the Natural History Museum (Zool.), 5, 2, pp. 125-170, London 1993
  3. ^ RN Kilburn: Turridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of southern Africa and Mozambique. Part 4. Subfamilies Drilliinae, Crassispirinae and Strictispirinae. Annals of the Natal Museum, Vol. 29, 1, pp. 167-320, Pietermaritzburg 1988
  4. ↑ a b Chen-Kwoh Chang: Small Schells of Classic Turridae from Taiwan, Chapter II . Bulletin of Malacology, 23, pp. 69-77, Taiwan, 1999
  5. ^ Yuri I. Kantor: Formation of marginal radular teeth in Conoidea (Neogastropoda) and the evolution of the hypodermic envenomation mechanism. Journal of Zoology, 252, 2, pp. 251-262, 2000 doi : 10.1111 / j.1469-7998.2000.tb00620.x
  6. ↑ John D. Taylor: Understanding biodiversity: adaptive radiations of predatory marine gastropods. In: Brian Morton (Ed.): The Marine Biology of the South China Sea III. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong 1998. pp. 187-208, here pp. 197f.
  7. ^ Edward J. Petuch, Robert F. Myers: Molluscan Communities of the Florida Keys and Adjacent Areas: Their Ecology and Biodiversity. CRC Press, Boca Raton 2014. p. 148.
  8. ^ Henry Adams & Arthur Adams: The genera of recent Mollusca: arranged according to their organization. London 1858
  9. ^ AWB Powell: The New Zealand recent and fossil Mollusca of the family Turridae. With general notes on turrid nomenclature and systematics. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum 1942, 2, pp. 1–192, 1942
  10. ↑ JPE Morrison: On the families of Turridae. The Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the American Malacological Union, pp. 1-2, New York 1965
  11. ^ Philippe Bouchet: Drilliidae Olsson, 1964 . In: WoRMS, World Register of Marine Species, 2015, accessed March 18, 2015
  12. ↑ a b Phillip J. Jr. Fallon: Taxonomic review of tropical western Atlantic shallow water Drilliidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conoidea) including descriptions of 100 new species. Zootaxa, 4090, 1, 2016 doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.4090.1.1
  13. ↑ P. Bouchet, YI Kantor, A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre: A new operational classification of the Conoidea. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 77, pp. 273–308, 2011 ( online )

literature

  • Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi (Eds.): Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47, pp. 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN  0076-2997 ISBN 3-925919-72-4

Web links

Commons : Drilliidae  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Philippe Bouchet: Drilliidae Olsson, 1964 . In: WoRMS, World Register of Marine Species, 2015, accessed March 18, 2015
  • Drilliidae , images of various genera from Gastropods.com, accessed March 18, 2015