Conoidea
Conoidea | ||||||||||||
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Marble cone ( Conus marmoreus ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Conoidea | ||||||||||||
Fleming , 1822 |
The Conoidea are a species-rich superfamily almost exclusively of marine snails that live predatory. The representatives of this superfamily have a poison gland, the poison of which is injected into the victim by means of a hollow poisonous tooth. Due to this feature, they are also in German Pfeilzüngler or Giftzüngler (formerly Toxoglossa) called.
features
The housings are very different in shape and vary from spindle-shaped and tower-shaped to inverted-conical. Accordingly, the thread is very flat to very high. The last turn can be short and egg-shaped or very long and slot-shaped. The spindle has no folds, only very rarely a few wrinkles or knots. In the radula the central tooth (compared to other representatives of the new snail ) is reduced; there are only one or two posterior teeth left. These are long and pointed, often barbed. They have a groove or canal that communicates with a poison gland.
Way of life
The representatives of the superfamily predatorily live on fish , bristle worms , other mollusks such as snails and mussels or crabs , which are preyed on with poison that is injected with the help of the fangs. They are found worldwide mainly in the warmer seas. Their occurrence ranges from shallow water to the deep sea.
Systematics
The conoidea are named after the radula shape with pointed, often barbed teeth, through which a cavity connected with poison glands leads, also called toxoglossa (arrow-flicker or poison-flicker). The name Toxoglossa describes the radula of these predatory snails, but according to the International Rules for Zoological Nomenclature, it is not suitable as a name for a superfamily, as it is not based on the scientific name of a family or genus.
Bouchet and Rocroi divided the Conoidea into eight families in 2005:
- Conoidea Fleming, 1822
- Cone snails (Conidae Fleming, 1822)
- Clavatulidae Gray, 1853
- Drilliidae Olsson, 1964
- Pseudomelatomidae Morrison, 1965
- Screw snails (Terebridae Mörch, 1864)
- Turridae Adams & Adams, 1853 (also called tower snails)
- † Speightiidae Powell, 1942
- Strictispiridae McLean, 1971
After a revision in 2011, there were initially 15 families, and another was added in 2012:
- Borsoniidae Bellardi, 1875
- Bouchetispiridae Kantor, Strong & Puillandre, 2012
- Clathurellidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858
- Clavatulidae Gray, 1853
- Cochlespiridae Powell, 1942
- Conidae Fleming, 1822
- Conorbidae de Gregorio, 1880
- Drilliidae Olsson, 1964
- Horaiclavidae Bouchet, Kantor, Sysoev & Puillandre, 2011
- Mangiidae P. Fischer, 1883
- Mitromorphidae Casey, 1904
- Pseudomelatomidae Morrison, 1966
- Raphitomidae Bellardi, 1875
- Strictispiridae McLean, 1971
- Terebridae Mörch, 1852
- Turridae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (1838)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi (eds.): Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda. In: Malacologia. 47, pp. 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN 0076-2997 , archive.org , ConchBooks, ISBN 978-3-92591972-5 .
- ↑ P. Bouchet, YI Kantor, A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre: A new operational classification of the Conoidea. In: Journal of Molluscan Studies. 77, pp. 273-308, 2011, doi : 10.1093 / mollus / eyr017 .
literature
- Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda. In: Malacologia. 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005, ISSN 0076-2997 , archive.org , ConchBooks, ISBN 978-3-92591972-5 .
- Victor Millard (Ed.): Classification of the Mollusca. A Classification of World Wide Mollusca. Rhine Road, South Africa 1997, ISBN 0-620-21261-6 , online (PDF; 2.46 MB), at olivirv.myspecies.info, accessed February 25, 2017.
- Winston Ponder & David Lindberg : Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs; an analysis using morphological characters. In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 119: 83-265, London 1997, ISSN 0024-4082 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-3642.1997.tb00137.x .
- Frank Riedel: Origin and evolution of the "higher" Caenogastropoda. Berliner Geoscientific Abhandlungen, Series E, Volume 32, Berlin 2000, 240 pages, ISBN 3-89582-077-6 .
Web links
- MarBEF Data System
- Gastropod classification by Paul Jeffery ( Memento from June 26, 2008 in the Internet Archive )