Lackiidae

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Lackiidae
Eucithara zonata from the Philippines

Eucithara zonata from the Philippines

Systematics
Superordinate : Caenogastropoda
Order : Sorbeoconcha
Subordination : Hypsogastropoda
Partial order : Neogastropoda
Superfamily : Conoidea
Family : Lackiidae
Scientific name
Lackiidae
P. Fischer , 1883
Gingicithara cylindrica
Mangia multilineolata
Bela laevigata from the Mediterranean

The Mangeliidae are a monophyletic family of small shell snails that occur exclusively marine . They were counted until 2011 as the subfamily Fehliinae to the family of cone snails within the superfamily Conoidea (poisonous tongue). After a revision from a molecular biological point of view, they were placed in an independent family together with the related subfamily Oenopotinae. A common representative in the North and Baltic Seas (below 20 meters depth) is the stepped gable ( Propebela turricula ), in colder waters the small arrow snail ( Curtitoma trevelliana ).

features

The cross-section of the housing is oval to spindle-shaped, its height is 3 to 30 millimeters, as a rule 6 to 12 millimeters, depending on the type. The tip is relatively low and can be shoulder-shaped. Both the radial and the spiral sculptures are clearly defined. A fine-grain sculpture arranged in a spiral complements the appearance of the housing surface. The members of the Mangiidae family are outwardly similar to the species of the Clathurellidae family , but they have wider, rounded convolutions and strong sculpting.

The mouth is not narrowed by folds or lamellas, and there are seldom teeth formation. The siphon channel is short or moderately elongated. The species of the former subfamily Oenopotinae have an operculum with a peripheral core (nucleus) to close the mouth , but most of the species lack it.

The protoconch is mostly multispiral with up to five whorls and radial ribs on the younger turns. In species with paucispiralen protoconches, these are fluted spirally.

The radula has rows of teeth on the side. The radula teeth are very differently pronounced depending on the species, usually widened at the base, with a lateral extension above the base. At the tip of the teeth there may be barbs , as in Benthomangelia trophonoidea, or absent, as in Toxicochlespira pagoda . The venom canal within the teeth opens laterally.

Life cycle

The Mangeliidae, like most of the gill snails, are of separate sexes. The eggs are deposited in egg capsules that do not contain any eggs. The development cycle of species of the genus Oenopota was examined more closely. The development takes place in the egg capsule for 6–7 weeks, where the trochophora larva stage is first passed through. The Veliger larvae lives floating freely in the zooplankton for another 6–7 weeks before it undergoes the metamorphosis into a juvenile snail. The Mangeliidae are ground dwellers and predatory feed on invertebrates, which they paralyze with their fangs.

Systematics and taxonomy

The sub-families Mangiinae and Oenopotinae belonged to the family of cone snails (Conidae), which comprised seven sub- families, until the revision in 2011 . In 2011, Bouchet et al. the two subfamilies together into the new family Mangeliidae. The name Mangeliinae P. Fischer, 1883 was much older than the name Oenopotinae Bogdanov, 1987, so the family was named after the first group. It was not further divided into subfamilies.

The reallocation of cone snails, in which other subfamilies were also raised to families, is mainly based on the DNA sequencing of three gene fragments. However, it is supported by morphological results. The shell morphology and the structure of the radula with their characteristic teeth, which, like all snails of the superfamily Conoidea, are traversed by a venomous canal, form a basis for the distinction between the individual families.

Genera

Currently 64 recent genera are differentiated within this family.

As of March 17, 2015

Synonyms

  • Fehria van Aartsen, 1988, Ginnania Monterosato, 1884 and Ichnusa Jeffreys, 1847 were added to the genus Bela Leach, 1847.
  • Cyrtocythara F. Nordsieck, 1977, Cytharella Monterosato, 1875, Lyromangelia Monterosato, 1917, Mangiliella Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883, Rissomangelia Monterosato, 1917, Rugocythara Nordsieck, 1977, Smithiella Monterosato, 1890, Vielliersia Monterosato, 1884 and Villiersia Monterosato were synonymous with the nominotypic genus Mangia Risso, 1826 .
  • Cestoma Bartsch, 1941, Funitoma Bartsch, 1941, Turritoma Bartsch, 1941, Turritomella Bartsch, 1941 are synonyms of Propebela Iredale, 1918.
  • Clinuromella Beets, 1943 and Clinuropsis Thiele, 1929 belong to Anticlinura Thiele, 1934.
  • Nematoma Bartsch, 1941 and Widalli Bogdanov, 1986 are Curtitoma Bartsch, 1941.
  • Ditoma Bellardi, 1875 is synonymous with Agathotoma Cossmann, 1899.
  • Euguraleus Cotton, 1947 is a synonym for Guraleus Hedley, 1918.
  • Lora Auctores non Gray, 1847 and Nodotoma Bartsch, 1941 were assigned to Oenopota Mörch, 1852.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi (eds.): Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47, pp. 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN  0076-2997 ISBN 3-925919-72-4
  2. ↑ a b c P. Bouchet, YI Kantor, A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre: A new operational classification of the Conoidea. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 77, pp. 273–308, 2011 ( online )
  3. ↑ RL Shimek: The Biology of the Northeastern Pacific Turridae. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 49, 2, pp. 146-163, 1982
  4. ↑ N. Puillandre, Yu. I. Kantor, A. Sysoev, A. Couloux, C. Meyer, T. Rawlings, JA Todd & Philippe Bouchet: The dragon tamed? A molecular phylogeny of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 77, 3, pp. 259–272, 2011 ( PDF )
  5. ^ Philippe Bouchet: Mangiidae P. Fischer, 1883 . In: WoRMS, World Register of Marine Species, 2014, accessed March 16, 2015

literature

  • Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi (Eds.): Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47, pp. 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN  0076-2997 ISBN 3-925919-72-4 .
  • P. Fischer : Manuel de conchyliologie et de paleontologie conchyliologique. F. Savy, Paris 1887 (first description)

Web links

Commons : Mangiidae  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Philippe Bouchet: Mangiidae P. Fischer, 1883 . In: WoRMS, World Register of Marine Species, 2014, accessed March 17, 2015
  • Mangiidae , images of various genera from Gastropods.com, accessed March 17, 2015