Borsoniidae

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Borsoniidae
Bathytoma attractoides boholica

Bathytoma attractoides boholica

Systematics
Superordinate : Caenogastropoda
Order : Sorbeoconcha
Subordination : Hypsogastropoda
Partial order : Neogastropoda
Superfamily : Conoidea
Family : Borsoniidae
Scientific name
Borsoniidae
Bellardi , 1875
Tomopleura reevii from the Philippines
Ophiodermella inermis from Alaska

The Borsoniidae are a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized shell snails that are only found in the sea . They were counted among the cone snails within the superfamily Conoidea until 2011 .

features

The species of the family Borsoniidae sometimes have quite different characteristics in terms of the appearance of their housing. The snail shell is spindle-shaped to biconical in shape. The height of the case is 5 to 80 millimeters, depending on the type. The case is usually clearly sculpted, with fine longitudinal ribs.

The Protoconch can be multispiral with up to five turns, of which the first are smooth, the others are ribbed. Paucispirale protoconches have up to two smooth whorls in the Borsoniidae.

The mouth is narrow, elliptical to oval, the siphonal canal is short or of medium length as in Zemacies excelsa . In most species, the mouth can be closed by an operculum , but this can also be missing. The nucleus, from which this sealing lid is formed, lies on the edge. A well-developed spindle fold may be located approximately in the middle of the spindle wall. The genus Cordiera has two such folds. However, in some species the spindle folds are completely absent.

The radula has rows of teeth on the side. The basal part of the radula teeth is relatively poorly developed. Depending on the type, weak to fairly strong barbs can be developed at the tip of the teeth . These are noticeably wide, for example, in the genus Genota . The genus Zemacies has no radula.

Systematics and taxonomy

In 2011, Bouchet et al. different genera from the subfamilies Clathurellinae and Raphitominae within the family of the cone snails (Conidae) and from the subfamily Zemaciinae within the slug tower snails (Turridae) in a new family, the Borsoniidae. The remaining genera of the cone snail subfamily Clathurellinae were divided into two further groups, which were raised to the families Clathurellidae and Mitromorphidae . This new classification is based on both morphological and molecular biological results. Since the housing morphology of the individual genera of the Borsoniidae is different, the analysis of this family is mainly based on the DNA sequencing of three gene fragments.

The development of different housing shapes can also be explained by the long evolutionary period that some types of this family have behind them. Fossil species from the genera Zemacies , Borsonia and Tomopleura come from the Paleocene and are among the oldest representatives of the superfamily Conoidea , the cone snails in the broad sense. Species of the genera Bathytoma , Genota and Microdrillia are known from the Eocene . Various apomorphies of the housings could have been lost in the course of tribal history without the genera developing very far apart genetically.

Genera

Currently 31 recent genera are differentiated within this family.

As of March 15, 2015

The inclusion of the genera Apaturris , Belaturricula , Glyptaesopus and Typhlodaphne was still questionable when the family was established in 2011, but this system has now stabilized (see World Register of Marine Species ).

Synonyms

  • Acropota Nordsieck, 1977 and Acrobela Thiele, 1925 are synonyms of Microdrillia Casey, 1903.
  • Boettgeria Peyrot, 1931 and Boettgeriola Wenz, 1943 were placed in the genus Borsonia Bellardi, 1839.
  • Genotia Fischer, 1883 is synonymous with Genota H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
  • Micantapex Iredale, 1936, Parabathytoma Shuto, 1961 and Riuguhdrillia Oyama, 1951 now belong to Bathytoma Harris & Burrows, 1891.
  • Narraweena Laseron, 1954 is a synonym of Maoritomella Powell, 1942
  • Vexithara Finlay, 1926 and Viridoturris Powell, 1964 were synonymous with Typhlomangelia GO Sars, 1878.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d P. Bouchet, YI Kantor, A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre: A new operational classification of the Conoidea. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 77, pp. 273–308, 2011 ( online )
  2. ↑ Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi (eds.): Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47, pp. 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN  0076-2997 ISBN 3-925919-72-4
  3. ↑ N. Puillandre, S. Samadi, M.-C. Boisselier, AV Sysoev, YI Kantor, C. Cruaud, A. Couloux & P. ​​Bouchet: Starting to unravel the toxoglossan knot: molecular phylogeny of the “turrids” (Neogastropoda: Conoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 47, pp. 1122-1134, 2008
  4. ^ A b Philippe Bouchet: Borsoniidae Bellardi, 1875 . In: WoRMS, World Register of Marine Species, 2014, accessed March 12, 2015

literature

  • Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi (Eds.): Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47, pp. 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN  0076-2997 ISBN 3-925919-72-4
  • Luigi Bellardi: Novae pleurotomidarum Pedimonti et Liguriae fossilium: dispositionis prodromus. Bollettino della Societa Malacologica Italiana, 1, pp. 16–24, 1875 (first description)

Web links

Commons : Borsoniidae  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Philippe Bouchet: Borsoniidae Bellard, 1875 . In: WoRMS, World Register of Marine Species, 2014, accessed March 12, 2015
  • Borsoniidae , images of various genera from Gastropods.com, accessed March 12, 2015