Dugald Stewart (philosopher)
Dugald Stewart (born November 22, 1753 in Edinburgh , † June 11, 1828 in Edinburgh) was a Scottish philosopher and mathematician .
Life
He studied mathematics and moral philosophy with Adam Ferguson at Edinburgh University . In 1771 he studied moral philosophy with Thomas Reid for a semester . During this time he became friends with Archibald Alison . From 1772 he took over the lessons of his father and mathematics professor Matthew Stewart (1715-1785) more and more frequently . In 1775 he was his successor as professor of mathematics.
When Adam Ferguson was sent to the American colony as British government commissioner secretary in 1778 and acted as head of the commission which - unsuccessfully - tried to negotiate with the American rebellious apostates; Stewart took over his lectures in Edinburgh at his request. As Ferguson's successor, he finally took over the chair of moral philosophy in 1785 .
He expanded the theories on politics and government and significantly influenced the political style in the period after the French Revolution .
His students include a. Sir Walter Scott , Jeffrey, George Cockburn , Francis Horner, Sydney Smith , Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux , Dr. Thomas Brown , James Mill , Sir James Mackintosh and Sir Archibald Alison. In 1788/89 he had contact with Amélie Suard , Joseph Marie Degérando and Guillaume Thomas François Raynal .
After the death of his son, he retired in 1810, but still wrote some important works. In 1817 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . In 1783 he was a founding member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh . Since 1812 he was a foreign member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . In 1795 he became an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg .
Dugald Steward was considered a representative of the Scottish School, which was shaped by Reid. He was known for his eloquence and originality in science and teaching.
His son Colonel Matthew Stewart came from the first marriage (1783) with Helen Bannatyne († 1787). In his second marriage (1790) to Cranstoun, another son and daughter were born to him.
Works
- Elements of the philosophy of the human mind , three volumes, Edinburgh 1792–1827
- Outlines of moral philosophy , Edinburgh 1793
- Philosophical essays . Edinburgh 1810
- Philosophy of the active and moral powers of man , Edinburgh 1828
- The Works of Dugald Stewart . 1829
- Complete edition The Collected Works of Dugald Stewart . ed. by William Hamilton , 11 volumes, Edinburgh / London 1854–1860
literature
- Stewart, Dugald . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . 11th edition. tape 25 : Shuválov - Subliminal Self . London 1911, p. 913 (English, full text [ Wikisource ]).
Web links
- Literature by and about Dugald Stewart in the catalog of the German National Library
- Bruno Billion: Dugald Stewart Monument. In: Scotland-Edinburgh-Calton Hill-Dugald Stewart Monument. Flickr, July 23, 2009, accessed April 7, 2011 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. (PDF file) Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed April 12, 2020 .
- ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Dugald Stewart. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed October 24, 2015 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Stewart, Dugald |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Scottish philosopher |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 22, 1753 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Edinburgh |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 11, 1828 |
| Place of death | Edinburgh |