Dynein

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dynein refers to a group of motor proteins in eukaryotic cells . In cooperation with other motor proteins such as myosin , they are essential for the intracellular transport of biological loads such as B. biomacromolecules, vesicles and cell organelles involved. Dynein occurs together with kinesin on microtubule filaments (part of the cytoskeleton ) as a transporter of cell organelles and vesicles. In addition, the flagella and motile cilia only become movable and orientable through dynein as a component. Mutations in the genes DNAL1 , DNAI1 , DNAH5, and DNAH11 can cause rare hereditary diseases such as Kartagener's syndrome and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).

Layout and function

The dynein complex consists of two heavy protein chains and other components. The Dynein protein itself consists of a head region that can bind to microtubules and a tail region that can interact with other proteins. The energy for transport is obtained from the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Dynein complexes bind a molecule to be transported to themselves and then 'run' along a microtubule (similar to myosin on actin ). The transport is directed, since dynein can only migrate on the microtubule in the direction of the so-called minus end. Dyneins transport their cargo from the periphery (usually the plasma membrane ) in the direction of the MTOC ( microtubule organizing center , mostly near the cell nucleus ). This is known as retrograde transport. This property is exploited by some viruses in order to be transported to the cell nucleus (e.g. herpes simplex through the axon of the facial nerves ). The transport on the microtubule in the other direction is carried out by kinesin .

literature

  • Gerald Karp, Kurt Beginnen, Sebastian Vogel, Susanne Kuhlmann-Krieg (2005). Molecular Cell Biology (in French). Jumper. ISBN 978-3-540-23857-7 .
  • CP Samora, B. Mogessie, L. Conway, JL Ross, A. Straube, AD McAinsh: MAP4 and CLASP1 operate as a safety mechanism to maintain a stable spindle position in mitosis. In: Nature Cell Biology. 13 (9), Aug 7, 2011, pp. 1040-1050. doi: 10.1038 / ncb2297 . PMID 21822276 .
  • Tomomi Kiyomitsu, Iain M. Cheeseman: Chromosome- and spindle-pole-derived signals generate an intrinsic code for spindle position and orientation. In: Nature Cell Biology. February 12, 2012. doi: 10.1038 / ncb2440 . ISSN  1465-7392 . Retrieved February 14, 2012.
  • Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer : Biochemistry. 6th edition. Spectrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-8274-1800-5 .
  • Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet: Biochemistry. 3. Edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York 2004, ISBN 0-471-19350-X .
  • Bruce Alberts , Alexander Johnson, Peter Walter, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts: Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5th edition. Taylor & Francis 2007, ISBN 978-0-8153-4106-2 .