Tomato frogs

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Tomato frogs
Spotted tomato frog (Dyscophus guineti)

Spotted tomato frog ( Dyscophus guineti )

Systematics
without rank: Amphibians (Lissamphibia)
Order : Frog (anura)
Subordination : Neobatrachia
Family : Narrow-mouth frogs (Microhylidae)
Subfamily : Pigeon frogs
Genre : Tomato frogs
Scientific name of the  subfamily
Dyscophinae
Boulenger , 1882
Scientific name of the  genus
Dyscophus
Grandidier , 1872
Western tomato frog ( Dyscophus insularis )
Tomato frog larva ( Dyscophus antongilii )

The tomato frogs ( Dyscophus ) are a frog genus in the family -mouthed . They form the only genus of the subfamily of the deaf frogs (Dyscophinae).

description

The pupils are vertical. The tongue is oval, with entire margins and freely liftable at the back. The palatal teeth are present in two long, straight or curved transverse rows behind the choans . There is a serrated skin fold in front of the throat. The tips of the fingers and toes are not enlarged and have simple bony terminal phalanges. The fingers are free. The toes are usually connected by webbed feet, which do not intervene between the metatarsi of the 4th and 5th toes. The precoracoid are ossified and lie on top of the strong coracoid . The omosternum is small and cartilaginous. The sternum is a large, anchor-shaped plate of cartilage. The transverse processes of the sacral vertebra are moderately widened.

Occurrence

The genus is endemic to Madagascar .

Systematics

The subfamily of the dove frogs (Dyscophine), sometimes viewed as a separate family, has included the genus Calluella in addition to the genus Dyscophus since it was first described by George Albert Boulenger . In his 1934 monograph, Parker considered the deaf frogs to be the basal group of narrow-mouthed frogs . In his 1975 revision of the subfamily, Blommers-Schlösser left both the African tomato frogs and the Southeast Asian genus Calluella in the same subfamily. In a large-scale study from 2006, the pigeon frogs were restricted to the genus of tomato frogs and Calluella was added to the narrow-mouthed frogs (Microhylinae); in 2015 the genus Calluella was merged with the genus Glyphoglossus . In phylogenetic studies, the pigeon frogs are considered to be a sister group of the real narrow-mouthed frogs.

The genus of the tomato frogs ( Dyscophus ) was first described by Alfred Grandidier in 1872 and is now the only genus of the subfamily of the deaf frogs (Dyscophinae Boulenger, 1882). It includes 3 types:

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Fritz Nieden: Anura II . In: FE Schulze, W. Kükenthal, K. Heider (Ed.): Das Tierreich . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin and Leipzig 1926, p. 86.
  2. ↑ a b Darrel R. Frost: Dyscophus Grandidier, 1872 . In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference . Version 6.0, American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998-2015, accessed October 19, 2015
  3. ↑ Bossuyt, F., and K. Roelants: Anura. In: SB Hedges & S. Kumar (Eds.): The Timetree of Life , pp. 357-364, Oxford University Press, New York 2009
  4. ^ HW Parker: A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London 1934
  5. ↑ RMA Blommers-Schlösser: Observations on the larval development of some Malagasy frogs, with notes on their ecology and biology (Anura: Dyscophinae, Scaphiophryninae and Cophylinae). Beaufortia, 24, pp. 7-26, Amsterdam 1975
  6. ↑ Darrel R. Frost, Taran Grant, Julián Faivovich, Raoul H. Bain, Alexander Haas, Celio FB Haddad, Rafael O. de Sá, A. Channing, Mark Wilkinson, Stephen C. Donnellan, Christopher J. Raxworthy, Jonathan A. Campbell, Boris L. Blotto, Paul E. Moler, Robert C. Drewes, Ronald A. Nussbaum, John D. Lynch, David M. Green, and Ward C. Wheeler: The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, pp. 1-370, 2006 full text
  7. ^ RA Pyron & JJ Wiens: A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of advanced frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 61, pp. 543-583, 2011

literature

  • Hampton Wildman Parker : A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London 1934
  • Fritz Nieden : Anura II . In: FE Schulze, Willy Kükenthal , K. Heider (eds.): Das Tierreich . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin and Leipzig 1926, p. 86

Web links

Commons : Tomato Frogs  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Darrel R. Frost: Dyscophinae . In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference . Version 6.0, American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998-2015, accessed October 19, 2015
  • Darrel R. Frost: Dyscophus Grandidier, 1872 . In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference . Version 6.0, American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998-2015, accessed October 19, 2015